HIV INFECTION IN AFRICAN MOTHERS AND THEIR CHILDREN

我们建议研究与此相关的发病率和预后。 孕妇感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和 他们在卢旺达产下的婴儿。我们的研究将决定 孕妇HIV抗体流行的时点和周期； 确定婴儿在9岁感染艾滋病毒的可能性 几个月，考虑到母亲出生时的阳性；确定 两年内婴儿死亡或严重发病的可能性， 考虑到产妇在出生时感染；确定和 给出了两年内血清转换为艾滋病毒的危险因素 母亲和婴儿出生时的血清负性；并确定 给定的两年内产妇不良结局的概率 研究开始时的血清阳性。 总体研究设计为同时进行的前瞻性研究。 研究人群将从首次怀孕的女性中抽出 产前访问卢旺达三家诊所中的一家。前100名 每季度到每个诊所就诊的妇女将接受检查 艾滋病病毒抗体监测将持续4年。在……里面 150例血清阳性和300例血清阴性孕妇的一个部位队列 女性将被确立，并被前瞻性地跟踪，直到她们 分娩的婴儿年龄为两岁。这些母亲和婴儿 将在婴儿1-3、6、9、12、18和24个月时进行检查。 对访谈问卷的答复，艾滋病毒抗体的存在， 而成长的记录将为评估初选提供数据 结果。将确定参与者的生命状态 未能出席后续行动。 访谈数据将通过光盘在本地软盘上输入 扫描仪和微型计算机，并集中验证和分析。 血清学检测将在当地和研究中进行 约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究中心，利用从 滤纸。数据分析将包括分层的使用 分析、逻辑回归模型、生命表方法和 适用于纵向数据的自回归模型。

We propose to study the prevalence of and outcomes associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pregnant women and their delivered infants in Rwanda. Our studies will determine the point and period prevalences of HIV antibody in pregnant women; determine the probability of infants infection with HIV at age 9 months, given maternal positivity at birth; determine the probability of infant mortality or severe morbidity over two years, given maternal infection at birth; determine the probability of and risk factors for seroconversion to HIV over two years, given seronegativity in mother and infant at birth; and determine the probability of adverse maternal outcome over two years, given seropositivity at study entry. The general study design is that of a concurrent prospective study. The study populations will be drawn from women making their first prenatal visit to one of three clinics in Rwanda. The first 100 woman attending each clinic each quarter will be tested for antibody to HIV This surveillance will continue for 4 years. In one site cohorts of 150 seropositive and 300 seronegative pregnant women will be established and followed prospectively until their delivered infants are two years of age. These mothers and infants will be examined at infant ages 1-3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Responses to interview questionnaires, presence of antibody to HIV, and records of growth will provide the data for assessing primary outcomes. Vital status will be ascertained for participants failing to appear for follow-up. Interview data will be entered locally on floppy disk via optical scanner and microcomputer, and verified and analyzed centrally. Serologic testing will be performed both locally and at the study center at Johns Hopkins University, utilizing sera collected on filter papers. Data analysis will include use of stratified analyses, logistic regression models, life table methods, and autoregressive models appropriate to longitudinal data.