DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINED ATTENTION IN INFANTS

目标是研究可持续发展， 婴幼儿的内源性注意及其关系 持续关注并发心脏的发展趋势 心率(HR)和呼吸。具体目标是：1)学习 2-6岁婴儿持续的受试者控制注意力 几个月大，并研究早产儿的持续注意力 婴儿，2)与心率、呼吸和静息测量有关 呼吸性窦性心律失常(RSA)至视觉、心脏和 在婴儿视觉注意期间发生的呼吸反应，以及 3)确定心率和呼吸反应如何与 婴幼儿的视觉注意，并扩大对 持续关注包括HR定义的视觉的其他方面 信息处理阶段。这项研究可能会提供一种 “模型准备”用于研究食管炎的病理模式 多动症、自闭症和智障儿童的注意力， 并可能导致早期诊断出“高危”儿童。 因为糟糕的智力结果。14周、20周和26周的婴儿 年龄(每个年龄30岁)将进行测试。心率和呼吸将是 在5分钟的基线和集中注意力期间进行测量。 实验一将测试再认的相对效能。 中断刺激的记忆表现，婴儿控制， 以及视觉刺激的累计注视时间法 演示文稿。在实验2中，早产儿将在一个 纵向设计，以确定是否有个体内部模式 RSA的发展与预期的病理模式平行 持续的关注。在实验3中，婴儿的检测能力 外周刺激的存在将在 心率-视觉刺激处理的定义阶段。 实验4将考察再认记忆的习得 在人力资源过程中定义注意力阶段，通过呈现一份 记住了“在特定阶段的视觉刺激。 终止后存在一个不稳定的时期 视觉注意力将在实验5中被检测。 将在难治性期间检查外周刺激检测 注意终止后的时间段，以测试 假想的不应期的行为后果。它 据预测，1)持续的注意力将显示出最大的年龄- HR定义的注意阶段的相关变化，以及2) 持续注意力的发展增加将是平行的 基线RSA的发展变化以及同时发生的HR和 呼吸。

The objectives are to study the development of sustained, endogenous attention in young infants, and to relate developmental trends in sustained attention to concurrent heart rate (HR) and respiration. The specific aims are 1) to study sustained, subject-controlled attention in infants from two to six months of age, and to study sustained attention in preterm infants, 2) to relate resting measurements of HR, respiration, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) to visual, cardiac, and respiration responses occurring during infant visual attention, and 3) to determine how HR and respiration responses are related to visual attention in young infants, and to extend the study of sustained attention to include other aspects of HR-defined visual information processing phases. The research may provide a "model preparation" for the study of pathological patterns of attention found in hyperactive, autistic, and retarded children, and could lead to the early diagnosis of children who are "at-risk" for poor intellectual outcome. Infants at 14, 20, and 26 weeks of age (30 per age) will be tested. HR and respiration will be measured during a 5 min baseline and during attention. Experiment 1 will test the relative efficacy for recognition memory performance of the interrupted stimulus, infant control, and accumulated looking time methods of visual stimulus presentation. In Experiment 2, preterm infants will be tested in a longitudinal design, to determine if intra-individual patterns of development of RSA parallel the expected pathological patterns of sustained attention. In Experiment 3, infants ability to detect the presence of a peripheral stimulus will be tested during heartrate-defined phases of processing of visual stimulus. Experiment 4 will examine the acquisition of recognition memory during HR define attention phases, by presenting a "to-be- remembered" visual stimulus during specific phases. The existence of a refractory period following the termination of visual attention will be examined in Experiment 5. Experiment 6 will examine peripheral stimulus detection during the refractory period following attention termination, in order to test the behavioral consequences of the hypothesized refractory period. It is predicted that 1) sustained attention will show the largest age- related changes of the HR-defined attention phases, and 2) the developmental increase in sustained attention will parallel developmental changes in baseline RSA, and concurrent HR and respiration.