Novel Compact Aftertreatment Systems for Simultaneous Reduction of Diesel Engine NOx, PM, CO and HC Emissions

随着高效率、低CO2排放的柴油动力车辆（包括越野和道路应用）的快速增长，鉴于废气排放法规的加强，柴油发动机废气催化后处理系统已成为必需的。除了控制排放的催化剂能力之外，需要与发动机系统集成的不同的单独后处理系统的尺寸对于车辆制造商同样重要，以便a）消除与车辆重新设计相关的巨大成本和B）避免燃料损失。后者与后处理系统（包括控制装置）的适应性导致的车辆重量增加和车辆空气动力学受影响有关。生物质制油（BTL）或气制油（GTL）等燃料与发动机技术之间的协同作用可进一步促进减排和推进催化后处理技术。拟议研究的重点是研究和理解原理，以及开发包含原型贫NOx催化剂的紧凑型极轻后处理系统这些技术包括选择性催化还原- SCR或NOx捕集器技术、连续再生柴油颗粒过滤器（DPF）和生产柴油氧化催化剂（DOC）技术。该系统将具有类似于或小于典型DPF的尺寸，并且它们的目标是使用DOC和DPF实现HC、CO和颗粒物（PM）排放减少>90%，并且使用稀NOx催化剂技术（NOx捕集器或基于银氧化铝的HC-SCR催化剂）实现NOx减少>70%。此外，新系统将通过取代贵金属而具有成本效益（贵金属- PGM）如Pt和Pd与贱金属催化剂（如银），并将与一个特定的发动机映射在可能的最低限度的发展运作（即连续DPF再生和被动模式SCR操作将降低发动机图谱开发要求）。实验计划分为三大领域：（i）研究、设计和开发在不同发动机燃料和运行条件下对氮氧化物和含碳物质氧化的HC-SCR中具有活性的主要基于银/氧化铝（Ag/Al 2 O3）的催化剂。(ii)研究当涂覆在DPF上时，用作NOx还原和Soot-PM/HC/CO氧化催化剂的NOx捕集器的活性和再生。(iii)研究旨在建立最有前途的新的创新方法的催化系统使用废气从不同的发动机在各种发动机的工作条件。前两部分将提供所需的科学知识和指导方针的第三部分，这将是拟议技术的最终证明。已开发的催化技术在作为单独单元使用时仍将能够提供显着的减排，这项研究将由伯明翰大学未来动力系统小组和布鲁内尔大学先进动力系统和燃料中心这两个内燃机技术领域的著名研究小组与伯明翰大学环境健康和风险管理部门合作进行。项目任务是与工业合作伙伴以最佳方式共同规划的，这将使研究受益于每个学术团体的专业知识和能力。

Diesel engine exhaust gas catalytic aftertreatment systems have become a necessity in view of the reinforcement of exhaust gas emission regulations with the rapid growth of the high efficiency, low CO2 emission diesel powered vehicles (including off-road and on-road applications). Apart from the catalyst ability to control emissions, the size of the different individual aftertreatment systems, that need to be integrated with the engine system are as important for the vehicle manufacturers in order to a) eliminate huge costs involved with the vehicles redesign and b) avoid fuel penalties. The latter are related to the increased vehicle weight and affected vehicle aerodynamics resulting from the accommodation of the aftertreatment systems (including controls). Synergies between fuels such as Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) or Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) and engine technologies can further promote emissions reduction and advance catalytic aftertreatment technology.The proposed research is focused on the study and understanding of the principles, and the development of compact very lightweight aftertreatment systems that comprise prototype lean NOx catalysts (selective catalytic reduction - SCR, or NOx traps), continuous regenerated diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and production diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) technologies. The systems will have a size similar or smaller than a typical DPF and they will target to achieve HC, CO and particulate matter (PM) emissions reduction of >90% using a DOC and a DPF, and NOx reduction of >70% using lean NOx catalyst technology (NOx traps or a silver alumina based HC-SCR catalyst). Furthermore, the novel systems will be cost effective by replacing precious metals (precious group metals - PGM) such as Pt and Pd with base metal catalysts (such as silver) and will operate with a minimum development of a specific engine map where possible (i.e. continuous DPF regeneration and passive mode SCR operation will reduce engine map development requirements).The experimental programme is divided into three broad areas:(i) Study, design and development of silver/alumina (Ag/Al2O3) mainly based catalysts active in HC-SCR of NOx and C-containing species oxidation under different engine fuelling and operating conditions.(ii) Study of the activity and regeneration of NOx traps utilised as catalysts for NOx reduction and Soot-PM/HC/CO oxidation when coated on the DPF.(iii) Study aiming to establish the most promising new innovative approach of a catalytic system using exhaust gas from different engines under various engine operating conditions.The first two parts will provide the scientific knowledge and guidelines required for the third part, which will be the final proof of the proposed technology.The developed catalytic technologies will still be able to provide significant emission reductions when used as individual units for applications where compactness and weight may not be important (i.e. power generation).The research will be carried out by two renowned research groups in the field of internal combustion engine technologies, the University of Birmingham Future Power Systems Group and the Brunel University Centre for Advanced Powertrain and Fuels, in collaboration with the University of Birmingham Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management. The project tasks have been planed jointly with the industrial partners in the best possible way that will allow the research to benefit from the expertise and capabilities of each academic group.