ROLE OF THE UPPER AIRWAYS IN THE CONTROL OF BREATHING

呼吸气流受到主动和被动阀门的重要影响 在胸外气道的机制。 在吸气时，这些气道 倾向于被动塌陷，并且通过该动作维持气道通畅 口咽肌的 呼气流量也在上呼吸道调节 呼吸道，特别是喉部。 该项目是一个持续的 探讨上气道对控制哮喘的影响 呼吸了 请求支助期间的具体计划 包括（1）研究阿片类药物的影响， 氨茶碱对舌下神经运动放电的影响 喉返神经的展肌支和内收肌支 在去大脑猫中，（2）肌电活动的平行研究 清醒猫的环杓后肌和颏舌肌，（3） 评估高碳酸血症和低氧对分离的 外展肌和内收肌分支的运动活动 喉神经，（4）评价容积相关的重要性 反馈调节呼吸运动的时间和强度 猫和人类受试者的舌和喉分泌物，以及（5） 探讨控制呼气性腹肌活动的方法 猫 这些研究的结果可能有助于更好地了解 上呼吸道功能的临床问题，包括阻塞性呼吸暂停 在成人和婴儿的睡眠中。

Respiratory airflow is influenced importantly by active and passive valving mechanisms in the extrathoracic airways. During inspiration, these airways tend to collapse passively, and airway patency is maintained by the action of oropharyngeal muscles. Expiratory flow is also regulated in the upper airways, particularly by the larynx. This project is a continuing exploration of the influence of the upper airways on the control of breathing. Specific plans for the period for which support is requested include (1) studies of the influence of opiate drugs, of CO2 at narcotic levels and of aminophylline on the motor discharge of the hypoglossal nerve and of the abductor and adductor branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in decerebrate cats, (2) parallel studies of electromyographic activities of the posterior cricoarytenoid and genioglossus muscles in awake cats, (3) assessment of the influence of hypercapnia and hypoxia on the separate motor activities of the abductor and adductor branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, (4) evaluation of the importance of volume-related feedback in regulating the timing and intensity of respiratory motor discharge to the tongue and larynx in cats and human subjects, and (5) an exploration of the control of expiratory abdominal muscle activity in cats. The results of these studies may lead to better understanding of clinical problems of upper airway function, including obstructive apnea during sleep in both adults and infants.