ROLE OF THE UPPER AIRWAYS IN THE CONTROL OF BREATHING

主动和被动瓣膜对呼吸气流有重要影响 胸外呼吸道的机制。在灵感的过程中，这些呼吸道 倾向于被动塌陷，通过动作维持呼吸道通畅 口咽部肌肉。呼气流量也在上半身调节 呼吸道，尤其是喉咙。这个项目是一个持续的项目 探讨上呼吸道因素对气肿控制的影响 呼吸。请求提供支助的期间的具体计划 包括(1)研究鸦片类药物、二氧化碳对麻醉药品的影响 氨茶碱对舌下神经运动放电的影响 喉返神经的外展肌支和内收肌支 在去大脑的猫中，(2)肌电活动的平行研究 (3)清醒猫环、舌后肌的分布。 高碳酸血症和低氧对分流的影响 复发性外展肌支和内收肌支的运动活动 喉神经，(4)评价体积相关的重要性 反馈调节呼吸马达的时机和强度 猫和人的舌头和喉部的分泌物，以及(5) 控制呼气性腹肌活动的探讨 猫。这些研究的结果可能有助于更好地理解 上呼吸道功能的临床问题，包括阻塞性呼吸暂停 无论是成人还是婴儿，在睡眠中都是如此。

Respiratory airflow is influenced importantly by active and passive valving mechanisms in the extrathoracic airways. During inspiration, these airways tend to collapse passively, and airway patency is maintained by the action of oropharyngeal muscles. Expiratory flow is also regulated in the upper airways, particularly by the larynx. This project is a continuing exploration of the influence of the upper airways on the control of breathing. Specific plans for the period for which support is requested include (1) studies of the influence of opiate drugs, of CO2 at narcotic levels and of aminophylline on the motor discharge of the hypoglossal nerve and of the abductor and adductor branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in decerebrate cats, (2) parallel studies of electromyographic activities of the posterior cricoarytenoid and genioglossus muscles in awake cats, (3) assessment of the influence of hypercapnia and hypoxia on the separate motor activities of the abductor and adductor branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, (4) evaluation of the importance of volume-related feedback in regulating the timing and intensity of respiratory motor discharge to the tongue and larynx in cats and human subjects, and (5) an exploration of the control of expiratory abdominal muscle activity in cats. The results of these studies may lead to better understanding of clinical problems of upper airway function, including obstructive apnea during sleep in both adults and infants.