The 'ABC' project. Airports and Behavioural Change: towards environmental surface access travel

航空旅行需求的上升和机场腹地活动的战略性扩张，以最大化消费者需求和吞吐量，具有深远的影响。在带来经济和社会效益的同时，也在资源使用、全球环境破坏和对当地生活质量的影响方面产生了负面影响。该项目回应了机场运营能效方面的一个公认研究空白，是机场运营理念沙坑的成果。它利用拉夫堡大学、克兰菲尔德大学和利兹大学的方法专长和研究主题知识，提供与航空业和政策制定者直接相关的成果。该项目采用多学科研究方法，超越了机场边界，并考虑了航站楼和周围设施的通道需求对地面交通的影响。虽然重点关注乘客决策和接入模式选择，但它也审查了员工、服务提供商和其他物流活动的影响，特别是对机场和周围企业的影响。总体而言，这项研究的目的是找到积极主动的解决方案，以应对鼓励个人来往于机场的更好的环境行为这一挑战，以减少整个系统的碳密集型性质。它将审查国际和地区机场产生的旅行，并探索技术和创新系统如何影响个人和部分旅行行为。最初，一项最先进的审查将审查机场地面准入问题，包括：文献审查、用户群体概况；确定机场和产生的流量的碳足迹；以及关键利益相关者的参与，包括启动情景开发的德尔福研究。其次，技术评估将考虑创新技术的应用和潜力，以减少机场通道路线的旅行需求。第三，将使用已披露的和已公布的偏好数据探讨个人对选择现有和未来节能旅行选项的接受程度；先进的离散选择模型将确定个人和群体是否愿意为现实的技术进步买单。最后，将评估干预措施的碳减排潜力，为有效投资提供基础，并为更高效的机场系统提出政策建议。

The rise in demand for air travel and strategic expansion of hinterland activity at airports, to maximise consumer demand and throughput, has far-reaching impacts. Whilst delivering economic and social benefits, there are also negative repercussions in terms of resource use, global environmental damage and impact upon quality of life in the locality. This project responds to an identified research gap into energy efficiency of airport operations and is an outcome of the Airport Operations IDEAS sandpit. It employs methodological expertise and research subject knowledge from Loughborough University, Cranfield University and University of Leeds to provide outputs directly relevant to the aviation industry and policy-makers. Adopting a multidisciplinary research approach, this project extends beyond the airport boundaries, and considers the surface transport implications, driven by access demands for the terminal and surrounding facilities. Whilst focussed on passenger decisions and access mode choices, it also examines the impact of employees, service providers and other logistical activities particularly for the airports but also surrounding enterprises. Overall the purpose of this research is to find proactive solutions to the challenge of encouraging better environmental behaviour of individuals to and from airports, in a bid to reduce the carbon intensive nature of the whole system. It will examine the generated travel of both an international and regional airport and explore how technology and innovative systems can influence individual and segment travel behaviour. Initially, a state-of-the-art review will examine airport surface access issues, formed of: a literature review, user group profiling; determining the carbon footprint of airports and generated traffic; and key stakeholder engagement, including a Delphi study to initiate scenario development. Secondly a technology evaluation will consider the application and potential of innovations to reduce airport access route travel demand. Thirdly, the receptiveness for individuals to select existing and future options for energy efficient travel will be explored using revealed and stated preference data; advanced discrete choice models will be determine individual and segment willingness to pay for realistic technology advances. Finally, the carbon reduction potential of interventions will be assessed, to provide a basis for effective investment, and propose policy recommendations for a more efficient airport system.