ANTECEDENTS OF THE TYPE A BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR PATTERN

我们正在进行的研究的主要目的是：(A)确定 儿童敌对行为的早期出现和稳定及其影响因素 伴随而来的对压力的心理生理反应，这可能是危险的 成人期心血管疾病的致病因素；及(B)说明其 决定因素。我们过去对A型行为模式的研究， 敌意、生理反应和家庭互动行为 主要涉及白人、中上层阶级的儿童和父母。我们 建议将我们的研究计划扩展到包括对布莱克的研究 儿童和来自中下层到中产阶级家庭的儿童。这 扩展很重要，不仅是因为这些团体已经 但也是为了研究可能存在的发育因素 在解释高血压发病率高得多和 黑人和中低阶层群体中的相关障碍。 然而，我们正在采取一种稍微不同的调查策略 现提交建议书。具体地说，我们将：(1)研究 黑人和白人儿童表现出的心血管反应 更好地评估血液动力学和自主神经系统机制 这些反应的基础；(B)检查这些血流动力学模式之间的关系 对心血管危险因素，如身体脂肪分布，左 心室几何形状(通过超声心动图)，以及胰岛素、葡萄糖、 和血脂水平；和(C)探索敌意的新概念 指标和心血管危险因素。160名黑人和白人儿童和 将招募男女青少年参加，其中一半是 青春期前(9-10岁)，一半是青春期后(15-16岁) 旧的)。第一个实验室环节将由空腹静脉血组成 绘制、收集拟人化数据、心理生理压力 涉及四个任务的协议，被选择来引发不同的自主神经 神经系统反应，以及完成标准化问卷以 评估敌意和社会支持。第二次会议将涉及 超声心动图评价左室构型和心脏 绩效变量、A类结构化面试和面试 考察受试者如何处理有关敌对意图的信息 他人的行为。拟议的项目试图显著增加 对黑人、白人和社会阶层差异的病因认识 在心血管危险因素中，以及敌意在其中的作用 发展。

The major aims of our ongoing research have been: (a) to identify the early emergence and stability of children's hostile behaviors and their concomitant psychophysiological responses to stress, which may be risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood; and (b) to specify their determinants. Our past studies examining the Type A behavior pattern, hostility, physiological responses and family interactive behaviors have primarily involved White, upper-middle class children and parents. We propose to extend our program of research to include the study of Black children and those from lower-middle to middle class families. This extension is important not only because these groups have been understudied, but also to examine developmental factors that may be important in accounting for the much higher incidence of hypertension and related disorders in Blacks and in lower and lower-middle class groups. However, we are adopting a somewhat different strategy of inquiry for the present proposal. Specifically, we will: (1) study the patterns of cardiovascular responses exhibited by Black and White children in order to better assess hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system mechanisms that underlie these responses; (b) examine how these hemodynamic patterns relate to cardiovascular risk factors such as body fat distribution, left ventricular geometry (via echocardiography), as well as insulin, glucose, and lipid levels; and (c) to explore a new conceptualization of hostility indices and cardiovascular risk factors. 160 Black and White children and adolescents of both genders will be recruited for participation, half being pre-pubescent (9-10 years old) and half being post-pubescent (15-16 years old). The first laboratory session will consist of a fasting venous blood draw, collection of anthropomorphic data, a psychophysiological stress protocol involving four tasks selected to elicit different autonomic nervous system responses, and completion of standardized questionnaires to assess hostility and social support. A second session will involve an echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular geometry and cardiac performance variables, the Type A Structured Interview, and an interview examining how subjects process information about hostile intentions and actions of others. The proposed project attempts to add significantly to the understanding of etiology of Black-White and social class differences in cardiovascular risk factors, and the role of hostility in this development.