CARDyAL: Cooperative Aerodynamics and Radio-based DYnamic Animal Localisation

CARDyAL项目的主要科学目标在于(i)创造能够精确定位的非常轻的传感设备所固有的挑战；（ii）在gps定位技术不适合的一系列不同环境中，使用这些设备测量合作动物群体动态变化的相对位置；（iii）利用适当的生理数据，将这种动态行为与合作流体动力学、能量学和社会生物学的科学问题联系起来；（iv）利用团队组织的测量信息来告知粒子群优化模型，该模型将用作减少该应用领域内外能源消耗的潜在方法。目前，进行此类测量并因此在这些领域开展科学研究的能力非常有限，实现这一目标的问题在研究和工程方面都具有挑战性，而且可能取决于创造特定解决方案的环境。然而，这些技术的应用是多种多样的，对生物科学界和广大公众具有重要的科学和战略意义。本项目开发的技术具有内在的可转让性：能够在(a)室内(b)长期部署(c)高动态环境中进行相对定位的标签的硬件和软件基础既适用于其他动物模型——为保护、生态、福利或流行病学目的了解群体动态——也适用于人类监测，以便更好地进行设施管理、工作场所设计、应急服务和军事用途等。数据简化和分析方法适用于动态和社会结构很重要的一系列情况，真实生物数据和衍生的PSO模型之间的关系具有重大的科学兴趣，并且可能适用于许多类型的优化问题，例如能量最小化，在计算机图形工业中更准确地表示群体运动，以及在各种类型的群体机器人技术中。在路径规划和控制。就生物学而言，这项技术的可用性使研究以一种目前不可能的方式进行，因此，有可能提出目前无法回答的科学问题。因此，CARDyAL涉及轻型无线传感和无线定位领域的研究和工程，如果没有实际应用领域的限制和要求，这些领域将缺乏专一性，它还涉及动物科学领域的研究，如果没有传感设备及其相关算法，这些研究是不可能进行的。每个领域都有进步，如果没有其他领域的积极参与，就不可能取得进步，这种相互依赖本质上既是转化的（高风险），也是高回报的，因为它建立在一个真正共生的研究项目上，其中两个组成研究领域都不占主导地位。

The primary scientific objectives of the CARDyAL project lie (i) in the challenges inherent in creating very lightweight sensing devices capable of accurate localisation; (ii) in the use of those devices in measuring the dynamically changing relative location of a cooperative group of animals in a range of different contexts for which GPS-based localisation techniques are inappropriate; (iii) relating that dynamic behaviour to scientific questions of cooperative fluid dynamics, energetics, and social biology using appropriate physiological data; and (iv) using the measured information about team organisation to inform a particle swarm optimisation model that will be used as a potential way of reducing energy consumption within and outside this application domain. The ability to make such measurements, and thus to undertake science in these areas, is currently very limited and the problem of achieving this is both challenging in research and engineering terms, and likely to be dependent on the environment for which the particular solutions are created. However, the applications for such technologies are numerous, varied and of significant scientific and strategic importance to the biological sciences community and to the public at large.The technology developed in this project is intended to be inherently transferrable: the hardware and software base for tags capable of relative localisation (a) indoors (b) in long-term deployments (c) in high dynamic environments has applications both to other animal models - understanding the dynamics of groups for purposes of conservation, ecology, welfare or epidemiology - and to the monitoring of humans for better facilities management, workplace design, emergency service and military use, amongst other things. The data reduction and analysis methodologies are applicable to a range of situations in which dynamic and social structure is important, and the relationship between true biological data and a derived PSO model is of substantial scientific interest, and of potential applicability to optimisation problems of many sorts, e.g. energy minimisation, in the computer graphics industry in terms of more accurately representing swarm movements, and in swarm robotics of various types, in path planning and control. In terms of the biology, the availability of this technology in a usable form factor allows research to be performed in a way that is not currently possible, and, consequently, allows the potential to ask scientific questions that are not currently capable of being answered.Thus CARDyAL involves research and engineering in the field of lightweight wireless sensing and wireless localisation that would lack specificity without the constraints and demands of a real application domain, and it involves research in the field of animal sciences that it would not be possible to conduct without the sensing devices and their associated algorithms. There are advances to be made in each of the fields that could not be made without the active engagement of the other and this co-dependency is innately both translational (high risk) and high reward since it is founded on a truly symbiotic programme of research in which neither of the constituent research fields dominates.