HOMEOSTATIC ORIGINS OF MOTIVATION

近几年来，我们一直在参与确定 低血容量时的口渴和钠的食欲， 血管紧张素在口渴时中枢儿茶酚胺能神经元的作用 调解动机的非特定方面，以及可能的 特定脑区在特定控制动机中的作用 吞噬行为。拟议研究的目标是继续 沿着这些路线取得进展。更具体地说，(A)导致糖尿病的 血管紧张素在低血压和高血压中的作用 进行比较，以确定是否只有在血压升高时才会导致饮酒 被抬高了。我们将探讨钠食欲的生理基础。 (B)通过确定各种内分泌系统在 调节我们最近的钠食欲的快速诱导 低钠饮食维持大鼠的CCUR观察 低血容量症。参与具体控制口渴的中心因素 将通过两种方式进行研究：(C)口渴刺激的研究 将从对患有脑血管病变的大鼠的饮酒行为的分析开始 前腹侧第三脑室周围的脑组织，这是一个 在控制口渴方面的明显意义；(D)对可能的 中枢抑制机制将从对多饮的分析开始。 我们最近在大鼠脑损伤后观察到CCUR 就在这个间脑区的背侧。最后，(E)非特定因素 口渴的控制将通过确定口渴的效果来进行 脱水对中枢多巴胺能神经元活动的影响。它是 这些研究的最终目的不仅仅是获取一些基本信息 关于口渴和钠的生理机制 胃口，也是为了深入了解所有人 动机是通过中介来实现的。在这方面，我们开发了一个大脑模型 我们认为与相关问题有相当大相关性的函数 心理健康和大脑功能障碍。

In recent years we have been involved in determining the stimulus for thirst and sodium appetite during hypovolemia, the contribution of angiotensin to thirst, the role of central catecholaminergic neurons in mediating the nonspecific aspects of motivation, and the possible contribution of certain brain areas in the specific control of motivated ingested behavior. The aims of the proposed research are to continue to make progress along these lines. More specifically, (a) the dipsogenic effects of angiotensin during hypotension and hypertension will be compared, to determine whether drinking is induced only when blood pressure is elevated. The physiological basis of sodium appetite will be explored (b) by determining the possible role of various endocrine systems in mediating the rapid induction of sodium appetite that we have recently observed to ccur when rats maintained on sodium-deficient diet are made hypovolemic. Central factors involved in the specific control of thirst will be investigated in two ways: (c) studies of the excitation of thirst will proceed from analyses of drinking behavior in rats with lesions of brain tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle, a region of apparent significance in the control of thirst; (d) studies of possible central inhibitory mechanisms will proceed from analyses of the polydipsia that we have recently observed to ccur in rats after brain lesions are made just dorsal to this diencephalic area. Finally, (e) nonspecific factors in the control of thirst will be investiated by determining the effect of dehydration on activity in central dopaminergic neurons. It is the ultimate goal of these studies not only to obtain some basic information about the physiological mechanisms which underlie thirst and sodium appetite, but also to obtain insights into the basic processes by which all motivation is mediated. In this regard, we have developed a model of brain function which we believe has considerable relevance for problems related to mental health and cerebral dysfunction.