CONSTRUAL BIASES IN THE MEDIATION OF CONFLICT

这个项目探讨了偏见的概念和评价的作用 这一进程导致社会不信任和冲突并使之永久化。 提出了实验研究的三条平行线。 第一 一系列调查考察了党派人士对偏见的看法， 媒体对政治和社会争议报道的客观性。 这些研究将特别侧重于产生 一种“敌对媒体效应”，即，游击队员甚至倾向于 公正和不偏不倚的媒体报道， 反对自己的立场或候选人。 第二条研究路线 调查平行偏见的看法和反应， 第三方调解员的角色，为个人 或社会纠纷。 第三组研究调查了 我们对对手的看法以及我们对任何妥协或 他们为解决争端做出的让步。 这些 调查将特别注意原因和后果 “反应性贬值”--即，游击队倾向于 建议和提议的价值较低，仅仅是因为它们已被 由对手提供。 在每一种情况下，拟议的研究 将涉及三个阶段。 每个部分的初步研究将 探索问题的范围，即，的规模和范围 假设现象的适用性。然后，第二组 研究将试图更仔细、更直接地研究 一些进程和机制假设的基础， 现象最后，每个部分的最后研究将调查 各种潜在补救措施的有效性，来自我们的 理论分析，在克服或预防有关 方面的影响.这些研究将回答经典的理论问题 关于认知、知觉和动机的相互作用， 可能导致人类判断扭曲和偏见的过程， 决策的 它们还应具有重要的实际意义 为了我们理解和改善敌对的螺旋， 不信任产生个人和家庭暴力升级综合症， 社会关系，并制定程序， 成功的调解努力和有效的面对面谈判。

This project examines the role of biased construal and evaluation processes in creating and perpetuating social distrust and conflict. Three parallel lines of experimental research are proposed. A first line of investigation examines partisans' perceptions of bias and objectivity in media coverage of political and social controversies. These studies will focus, in particular, on the conditions that produce a "hostile media effect" --i.e., the tendency of partisans to view even impartial and even-handed media coverage as hostile to, and biased against, their own position or candidate. A second line of research investigates parallel biases in the perceptions and reactions of disputants to third parties placed in the role of mediator for personal or social disputes. A third set of studies examines related biases in our perceptions of adversaries and our evaluations of any compromises or concessions they offer towards a solution of the dispute. These investigations will pay special attention to the causes and consequences of "reactive devaluation"--i.e., the tendency for partisans to attach less value to proposals and overtures simply because they have been offered by an adversary. In each of these cases, the proposed studies will involved three stages. Initial studies in each section will explore the rage of the problem, i.e., the magnitude and range of applicability of the hypothesized phenomenon. Then, a second set of studies will attempt to examine, more deliberately and more directly, a number of processes and mechanisms hypothesized to underlie the phenomenon. Finally, the last studies in each section will investigate the effectiveness of various potential remedies, derived from our theoretical analysis, in overcoming or forestalling the relevant effects. These studies will speak to classic theoretical questions concerning the interplay of cognitive, perceptual, and motivational processes that may lead to distortions and biases in human judgment and decision-making. They should also have important practical implications for our understanding and amelioration of the spirals of hostility and distrust that produce syndromes of escalating violence in personal and social relationships and for the development of procedures to facilitate successful mediation efforts and effective face-to-face negotiations.