CHILDHOOD RISK FACTORS FOR ADULT MENTAL DISORDERS

这项前瞻性流行病学研究的目的是 确定儿童时期的攻击性和社交退缩是否 成年期精神疾病的危险因素。 此外，我们在 检查其他负面结果，如社会和 职业适应不良与这些模式有关， 异常行为 正在研究四种风险人群： 孩子们有攻击性，退缩，或既有攻击性， 撤回，和控制样本的个人谁作为儿童是 在这两个特征上都没有异常。 了这些个人 最初是在童年中期发现的， 从6到13年。 在项目的这一阶段，他们将 处于成年早期，年龄从21岁到28岁不等。 我们采取了多层次的数据收集策略。 数据将 通过以下方式收集：（1）档案记录，（2）非专业人员访问 访问者到个人的家中，以确定精神病理学， 收集更多的信息， 痛苦，如生活压力和社会支持，和（3）访问 到实验室进行精神病学访谈 由经验丰富的临床医生进行，以获得详细的精神病学 诊断数据，并用于实验室测试以获得信息 注意力缺陷通常与主要的 精神病理学 这项研究在大规模的前瞻性队列中是不寻常的 （1 774）。 将有可能检测到风险因素的升高 对于患病率相对较高的精神疾病，例如 物质使用，以及精神疾病， 患病率，例如精神分裂症谱系障碍。 研究 也是不寻常的，有大量的女性代表在 风险群体。 在过去，特别是在对侵略的研究中 或行为障碍，研究通常是基础的， 主要是男性样本。 这一研究阶段的时机是有利的。 我们有 有机会在成年之初评估个人。 结合项目随后计划阶段的数据 这将跟踪个人通过最高风险的时期， 主要的精神病理学，我们将能够跟踪发展， 从儿童时期的风险因素，到早期的经历， 预测精神病理学（例如生活压力）的成年人 确定成人精神障碍的发病年龄。

The purpose of this prospective epidemiological study is to determine whether childhood aggression and social withdrawal are risk factors for mental illness in adulthood. In addition, we are examining whether other negative outcomes, such as social and occupational maladjustment are associated with these patterns of deviant behaviors. Four risk populations are being studied: individuals who as children were aggressive, withdrawn, or both aggressive and withdrawn, and a control sample of individuals who as children were not deviant on either characteristic. These individuals were initially identified in middle childhood when they ranged in age from 6 to 13 years. During this phase of the project, they will be in early adulthood, ranging in age from 21 to 28 years. We have adopted a multilevel data collection strategy. Data will be collected by means of (1) archival records, (2) visits by lay interviewers to individuals' homes to identify psychopathology and to collect additional information predictive of psychiatric distress, such as life stress and social support, and (3) visits by participants to the laboratory for psychiatric interviews conducted by experienced clinicians to obtain detailed psychiatric diagnostic data, and for laboratory tests to obtain information about attention deficits that are frequently associated with major psychopathology. The study is unusual in the large size of the prospective cohort (1,774). It will be possible to detect elevations in risk factors for psychiatric disorders with relatively high prevalence, such as substance use, and for psychiatric disorders with relatively low prevalence, such as, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The study is also unusual in having a large representation of females in the risk groups. In the past, particularly in the study of aggression or conduct disorders, it has been common for studies to be base predominantly on male samples. The timing of this phase of the study is propitious. We have the opportunity to assess individuals at the beginning of adulthood. Combined with data from subsequent planned phases of the project that will follow individuals through the period of highest risk for major psychopathology, we will be able to trace the development of individuals from childhood risk factors, to early experiences as adults predictive of psychopathology (e.g. life stress) to the identification of the age of onset of adult mental disorders.