CEREBAL CORTICAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT

这项拟议研究的最终目的是增加我们对 运动皮层是如何控制运动的 更好地治疗人类运动功能障碍。 具体目标 在未来的几年里，我们的任务是阐明 外周感觉输入有助于顺利执行自愿 动作 它已经表明，有闭环电路之间， 运动皮层和外围，每个回路都是特定的， 特别的肌肉。 最近的研究表明，这些电路发挥着 在志愿活动中发挥重要作用。 至于神经机制， 在这些回路中，我们提出每个回路循环脉冲， 在运动之前和运动过程中增加神经元的兴奋性 与每个循环相关，即，偏好理论 这一假设将 通过慢性和急性实验进行检查。 慢性实验 将使用食蟹猴进行。他们将被训练挑选 从旋转的食物板上取下食物颗粒。 然后一个封闭的房间将是 运动皮层神经元的活动 在拾取运动之前和期间进行研究。 分布 与规则运动位置相关的优先偏向神经元 将检查相关神经元。 循环中断的影响 也将检查这些优先偏置的电路。 急性 实验将使用猫进行。 已经显示 运动皮层神经元的外周诱发活动被 来自感觉皮层的信息 修改方式将由 将条件反射和测试刺激传递到感觉皮层， 丘脑 条件反射刺激的效果将使用 由测试刺激引起的单突触PSP作为指标。 各种 将使用调节和测试刺激的组合。

The ultimate purpose of the proposed study is to increase our understanding of how the motor cortex controls movements and subsequently to contribute toward the better treatment of human motor dysfunctions. The specific aim during the coming years is to elucidate the neuronal mechanisms of how peripheral sensory input contribute to the smooth execution of voluntary movements. It has been shown that there are closed loop circuits between the motor cortex and the periphery and each loop is specific for a particular muscle. It has recently been shown that these circuits play an important role during voluntary movements. As for the neuronal mechanisms of these circuits, we have proposed that each loop circulates impulses before and during the movements to increase the excitability of neurons related to each loop, i.e., preferential bias theory. This hypothesis will be examined through chronic and acute experiments. Chronic experiments will be carried out using cynomolgus monkeys. They will be trained to pick up food pellet from rotating food board. Then a closed chamber will be installed over the motor cortex and activity of motor cortical neurons will be studied before and during the pick-up movements. Distribution of preferentially biased neurons in relation to location of regular movement related neurons will be examined. Effect of interruption of the loop circuits to these preferential bias will also be examined. Acute experiments will be carried out using cats. It has been shown that peripherally evoked activity of motor cortical neurons is modified by the input from the sensory cortex. The mode of modification will be studied by delivering conditioning and testing stimuli to the sensory cortex and the thalamus. The effect of conditioning stimuli will be examined using monosynaptic PSPs elicited by the test stimuli as indicators. Various combinations of conditioning and test stimuli will be used.