LEAD AND CADMIUM TOXICITY RELATED TO INDUSTRAIL EXPOSURE

工业中接触镉和铅是一种广泛而严重的 职业问题。这项建议旨在评估 这两种金属在单一和联合暴露中对几种 水平：1)在人体中，2)在实验动物中，3)在 体外测试系统。有人建议，那些因以下原因而面临风险的工人 对这两种重金属的职业接触进行检查，以确定 如果有肾功能和骨骼功能的异常 将作为早期毒性影响的特征，在发展之前 已确定的(并且可能是不可逆转的)疾病。此外，利用 清除和微穿孔技术以及定量 急性和慢性实验动物的组织形态计量学 铅和镉对肾脏和骨骼的影响可以评估。这个 这些物质的毒性作用的原因和机制将是 用体外分离技术在细胞水平上进行研究 肾小管灌注和刷状缘囊泡的研究。如果成功，这些 实验应该为有毒物质提供更好的早期预警检测系统 铅和镉的影响，应该增加我们关于如何 它们的毒性作用是通过调节的。对病原学的认识 序列不仅应该有助于通过暴露来预防疾病 回避，但可能允许我们操纵内部和外部 环境，以便在以下情况下使这些物质的危害性降低 吸入的或摄入的。此外，为受试者提供更好的治疗方式 铅中毒或镉中毒应归因于对 这项提案中概述的研究。

Industrial exposure to cadmium and lead is a widespread and serious occupational problem. This proposal is directed toward evaluating the effects of these two metals in single and combined exposure, on several levels: 1) in the human subject, 2) in experimental animals and 3) in in vitro test systems. It is proposed that those workers at risk because of occupational contact with these two heavy metals be examined to determine if there are abnormalities of renal function and of skeletal function that will serve as hallmarks of early toxic efects, prior to the development of established (and potentially irreversible) disease. Furthermore, utilizing the clearance and micropuncture techniques as well as quantitative histomorphometry in the experimental animal, both the acute and chronic effects of lead and cadmium on the kidney and bone can be evaluated. The causes and mechanisms of the toxic effects of these substances will be studied at the cellular level with the in vitro techniques of isolated tubular perfusion and brush border vesicle studies. If successful, these experiments should provide better early warning detection systems for toxic effects of lead and cadmium and should add to our basic knowledge as to how their toxic effects are mediated. An understanding of the pathogenetic sequence should not only aid in the prevention of disease by exposure avoidance, but may allow us to manipulate the intenal as well as external environment so that these substances may be rendered less harmful if inhaled or ingested. Furthermore, better treatment modalities for subjects intoxicated with lead or cadmium should result from the prosecution of the studies outlined in this proposal.