CANCER MECHANISMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT

在过去的二十年里，科学家和政府机构开发出了 识别致癌化学物质，探索致癌机制，以及 量化暴露带来的风险。一种日益缺乏的 科学家就应用风险评估预防疾病达成共识 基于动物生物检测的人类癌症。美国和欧洲 政府机构使用完全不同的方法来评估 癌症风险。已确定的化学物质数量相对较少。 是人类的致癌物质；大量的化学物质被提出用来 是人类潜在的致癌物，基于动物研究。一项挑战 对科学家来说，就是要准确地评估化学品的风险，以便 提供足够的公共健康保护，但不阻止技术 发展。美国健康基金会(AHF)提议召开一次 由15位著名科学家组成的国际专家小组 解决以下问题： 物种对物种的外推：专家小组将审查数据 将人类癌症和动物肿瘤联系起来。动物肿瘤类型导致的 来自促进剂和激素等增殖剂的刺激 将分析它们对人类癌症的意义。 阈值剂量：专家小组将分析显示的剂量-反应关系 表观遗传致癌物和遗传致癌物的阈值。 该小组将在1990年期间举行两次会议。请求提供支持 发展一种科学出版物，回顾文献和 报告专家小组的协商一致意见将在同行审议中公布 日记。会议费用的支持将来自AHF基金。

In the past two decades, scientists and government agencies have developed methods to identify carcinogenic chemicals, explore cancer mechanisms, and quantify the risks from exposures. There is an increasing lack of consensus among scientists on the application of risk assessment to prevent cancer in humans based on animal bioassays. The United States and European government agencies use substantially different approaches in assessing cancer risks. A relatively small number of chemicals have been identified to be human carcinogens; a large number of chemicals have been proposed to be potential carcinogens in humans based on animal studies. A challenge for scientists is to assess the risks of chemicals accurately in order to provide adequate protection of public health, yet not prevent technological development. The American Health Foundation (AHF) proposes to convene an International Expert Panel comprised of 15 prestigious scientists to address the following issues: Species to Species Extrapolation: The panel will examine the data correlating human cancer and animal tumors. Animal tumor types resulting from stimulation by proliferative agents such as promoters and hormones will be analyzed for their significance to human cancer. Threshold Doses: The Panel will analyze dose-response relations exhibiting thresholds for epigenetic and genetic carcinogens. The Panel will meet twice during 1990. Support is requested for the development of a scientific publication reviewing the literature and reporting the consensus of the Panel to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The support for meeting expenses will come from AHF funds.