STANDARDS FOR GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF IDDM

胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（IDDM）的发病率各不相同 在种族群体和国家之间， 在芬兰，每年的发病率超过29/100，000，但每年只有0.7/100，000。 年在日本。 虽然这些显著的地理差异的原因 是未知的，很可能是种群间的遗传变异 这些发病率差异的主要决定因素。 确定 遗传因素对全球胰岛素依赖型糖尿病发病率的影响， 目前正在进行国际比较研究， 世卫组织儿童糖尿病多国项目，称为DIAMOND 项目 因此，有必要制定和实施 这些调查的流行病学标准， 在人群中。 这将确保在以下方面获得可比数据： 所有国家，相关的科学问题可以适当地 处理。 分子流行病学标准的发展 对胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的研究是北约高级研究研讨会的目标。 在匹兹堡大学举行的这次会议上， 大约20个国家参与了钻石项目， 将召开会议，讨论有关标准化的问题：1） 首先收集家族史数据以评估IDDM的风险 一级亲属，2）遗传的病例对照和家系研究 疾病的决定因素，3）实验室方法和DNA技术 转移基因标记评估 会有演讲 并邀请所有与会者发表意见， 参与者 经过两天的演讲，个人将聚集在一起， 工作组讨论这些标准的执行情况， 世界各地的国家。 讲习班最后将 发展统一的分子流行病学方法， 适用于胰岛素依赖型糖尿病和其他慢性和自身免疫性疾病。 结果 将作为北约高级科学研究所丛书的一卷出版 并将作为钻石项目的标准。 国际 因此，基于这些标准的比较研究将允许 准确评估遗传因素对全球 胰岛素依赖型糖尿病发病率的模式。 通过确定导致 由于世界范围内胰岛素依赖型糖尿病发病率的差异，将有可能开始 重点放在预防战略上，这是联合国的最终目标， 钻石计划。

The incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) varies dramatically across racial groups and countries, with annual age-adjusted rates of more than 29/100,000 per year in Finland, but only 0.7/100,000 per year in Japan. Although reasons for these marked geographic differences are unknown, it is likely that genetic variations across populations are primary determinants of these incidence differences. To determine the contribution of genetic factors to the global patterns of IDDM incidence, international comparative studies are now being undertaken as part of the WHO Multinational Project for Childhood Diabetes, known as the DIAMOND Project. It is, therefore, necessary to develop and implement epidemiologic standards for these investigations which can be applied across populations. This will ensure that comparable data are obtained in all countries, and that relevant scientific questions can be properly addressed. The development of standards for molecular epidemiologic studies of IDDM is the objective of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop. During this meeting at the University of Pittsburgh, scientists from approximately 20 countries who are participating in the DIAMOND project will convene to discuss issues relating to the standardization of: 1) the collection of family history data to assess the risk of IDDM in first degree relatives, 2) case-control and family studies of the genetic determinants of the disease, and 3) laboratory methods and DNA technology transfer for the genetic marker evaluations. there will be presentations by key-note speakers, as well as invited contributions from all participants. After two days of presentations, individuals will assemble into working groups to discuss the implementation of these standards in countries across the world. The Workshop will conclude with the development of a uniform molecular epidemiologic approach which can be applied to IDDM and other chronic and autoimmune diseases. The results will be published as a volume in the NATO Advanced Science Institute Series and will serve as the standards for the DIAMOND Project. International comparative research based upon these standards will, therefore, permit an accurate evaluation of the contribution of genetic factors to the global patterns of IDDM incidence. By identifying factors responsible for the worldwide difference in IDDM incidence, it will be possible to begin to focus on preventive strategies, which is the ultimate objective of the DIAMOND Project.