Targeted Research and Academic Training of Nurses in Genomics

描述（由申请人提供）：随着人类基因组计划的完成，疾病易感性、诊断、治疗和预后的基因检测有可能成为主流医疗保健的一部分，从而影响护理感兴趣的患者结果。由于基因组学研究的创新，这些进步已经取得，并将继续取得。然而，从实验室到社会的研究成果的转化远远落后于新科学知识的产生。因此，越来越多的人强调跨学科的研究计划，例如那些构成NIH路线图的计划。护士在基因组学研究和临床实践之间的桥梁上具有独特的地位。护士是最大和最值得信赖的专业卫生保健提供者群体。他们在生命的各个阶段和所有临床领域与患者互动。他们的工作本质上是跨学科的。由于最近在护理课程中引入了基因组学，现在更多的护士接受了基因组学培训。此外，2003年医学研究所的报告“健康的新视野”强调了研究的优先事项，其中之一是基因组学，这将是实现健康的重大改善所必需的。基因组学在护理中的重要性在国家护理研究所得到了回应。然而，在进行尖端基因组学研究方面，仍然很少有机会进行长期的实验室培训。这样的培训机会是必不可少的，而且必须提供，因为护理科学家研究的几乎每一种疾病，包括匹兹堡大学护理学院的教师，都有遗传成分。这些疾病既包括急性疾病（如传染病），也包括慢性疾病，如肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病、骨质疏松症和精神疾病。我们的目标是培养有才华的护理科学家，在他们职业生涯的开始阶段，发展与基因组学应用和评估相关的研究轨迹，以改善患者的治疗效果。该培训计划的目标是通过教学课程、临床轮转、期刊俱乐部、研讨会、个性化实践和实验室经验，以及在科学会议上的演讲，使护理科学家准备好将基因组学纳入他们的研究轨迹。具体目标侧重于以下方面的培训：1)将基因组学整合到理论/概念框架中；2)基因组学研究方法（例如，家族研究，全基因组关联研究）；3)基因组学实验室技术；4)基因组学的临床应用。匹兹堡大学护理学院是开展此类培训项目的理想环境的原因在申请中进行了阐述。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): With the completion of the Human Genome Project, genetic testing for disease susceptibility, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis has the potential to become part of mainstream medical care and, consequently, impact patient outcomes of interest to nursing. These advancements were made, and continue to be made, because of innovations in genomics research. However, the translation of findings from the laboratory to the community has lagged far behind the generation of new scientific knowledge. As a result, there has been an increasing emphasis on interdisciplinary research initiatives, such as those the initiatives that comprise the NIH Roadmap. Nurses are uniquely positioned to bridge the gap between genomics research and clinical practice. Nurses are the largest and most trusted group of professional health care providers. They interact with patients at all stages of life, and in all clinical arenas. Their work is interdisciplinary by nature. More nurses are now received training in genomics because of its recent introduction in nursing curricula. In addition, the 2003 Institute of Medicine's report "New Horizons in Health" emphasized research priorities, one of which was genomics, that will be required to achieve major improvements in health. The importance of genomics in nursing has been echoed at the National Institute of Nursing Research. Nevertheless, there continue to be few opportunities for long-term laboratory-based training in the conduct of cutting-edge genomics research. Such training opportunities are essential, and must become available because nearly every condition studied by nursing scientists, including those on the faculty of the University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, has a genetic component. These represent acute (e.g., infectious disease), as well as chronic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and mental illness to name a few. Our objective is to train talented nursing scientists, at the beginning stages of their careers, to develop research trajectories related to the application and evaluation of genomics in improving patient outcomes. The goal of the proposed training program is to prepare pre- and postdoctoral nursing scientists to incorporate genomics into their research trajectories using didactic courses, clinical rotations, journal clubs, seminars, individualized practice and laboratory experiences, and presentations at scientific meetings. Specific aims focus on training in: 1) the integration of genomics into theoretical / conceptual frameworks, 2) genomics research methodology (e.g., family studies, genome-wide association studies), 3) genomics laboratory techniques, and 4) clinical application of genomics. Reasons why the School of Nursing at the University of Pittsburgh is an ideal environment for the development of such a training program are elaborated in the application.