CHARACTERIZATION OF INORGANIC MINERAL PHASES IN BONE

拟议的研究将确定、定位和描述 初始和后续矿物相的微观化学组成， 利用发育骨模型的脊椎动物骨组织切片 在幼鼠小鸡和小鼠身上 本研究将利用冷冻标本 制备和在1.2兆伏下的电子显微衍射。 这些是 骨组织研究中的全新和重要方法， 将最小化或消除由化学品在样品中引起的伪影 固定、染色和电子束辐射损伤 标本处理和分析。 研究应提供 关于磷酸钙矿物相存在的信息 例如透钙磷石、磷酸八钙和/或磷酸三钙，其 在骨组织中也有发现， 羟基磷灰石 这些数据对于确定 骨中矿物质形成的物理化学和可能的相互关系 在假定的前体相和羟基磷灰石之间。 本地化和 与有机细胞外相有关的次级相分布 将检查基质成分、细胞和细胞超微结构， 应该提供新的信息有关的生理发展， 整个骨组织。 使用这些技术编制的数据将 在结构和理化性质的基础上进行了对比 通过使用水性固定的常规技术获得的数据， 组织样品的染色。 这些技术的组合代表了最强大的工具 今天可用，应该产生最亲密的知识， 无机成分，迄今为止获得的。 这些信息将 是了解骨骼正常功能的关键 组织，并最终发展概念和潜在的解决方案， 骨组织病理学 此外，与其他正在进行的 在这个实验室里研究在生理发育中的作用 钙化组织的有机成分，如胶原和 非胶原细胞外蛋白，例如，这个新的信息 可以更好地理解 骨和脊椎动物中的无机沉积物和有机组织成分 矿化组织

The proposed study will identify, localize and characterize the micro-chemical composition of the initial and subsequent mineral phases in sections of vertebrate bone tissues utilizing the models of developing bone in young rats, chicks, and mice. The research will apply cryo-specimen preparation and electron microdiffraction at 1.2 mega-volts. These are completely new and vital approaches in the study of bone tissues and they will minimize or eliminate artifacts induced in the samples by chemical fixation, staining and electron beam radiation damage incurred during specimen treatment and analysis, respectively. The study should provide information concerning the presence of calcium phosphate mineral phases such as brushite, octacalcium phosphate and/or tricalcium phosphate which have been suggested in bone tissue in addition to the well established hydroxyapatite. The data will be very important in determining the physical chemistry of mineral formation in bone and possible interrelations between putative precursor phases and hydroxyapatite. The localization and distribution of secondary phases in relation to organic extracellular matrix components, cells and cellular ultrastructure will be examined and should provide new information related to the physiological development of bone tissue as a whole. The data compiled using these techniques will be compared and correlated on the basis of structure and physical chemical data obtained by conventional techniques using aqueous fixation and staining of tissue samples. The combination of these techniques represents the most powerful tools available today and should yield the most intimate knowledge of the inorganic constituents of heretofore obtained. The informations that will be obtained are a key to understanding the normal functioning of bone tissue and ultimately to developing concepts and potential solutions to bone tissue pathologies. In addition, in conjunction with other ongoing research in this laboratory examining the role in physiological development of organic components of calcified tissues such as collagenous and non-collagenous extracellular proteins, for example, this new information can provide a better understanding of the role and relationship between inorganic deposits and organic tissue components in bone and vertebrate mineralizing tissues in general.