Minerals for Sustainable COst and energy efficient chemical looping combUstion Technology

化学链燃烧旨在通过从固体氧载体而不是从空气提供用于燃烧的氧来减少碳捕获系统中的能量损失。这意味着燃烧产物不会被氮气稀释，并且可以很容易地收集纯CO2用于后续储存（即CCS）。氧载体通常由固体氧化物组成，这些固体氧化物可以通过与燃料（例如CH 4、CO或H2）直接反应或通过释放气相氧而释放出它们的氧（并因此变成还原的金属氧化物），气相氧然后可以与燃料反应（有时称为CLOU效应）。对于固体燃料，需要低成本的材料，这些材料可以通过快速释放气态氧来充分燃烧和增强气化。这种材料已被开发用于基于气体的系统，但对于材料损失较高（随灰损失）的基于煤的系统来说太昂贵。一些实验室制备的Fe-Cu和Fe-Mn成分已经显示出所需的CLOU效应。代替昂贵的制造材料，需要确定具有可比成分的廉价矿物来源，可以制备，测试和验证以满足CLC过程的要求。所选择的矿物需要具有足够的反应速率和容量、低降解和高磨损强度，并且如果可能的话，它应该提供增强的气化，包括完全转化为CO2和H2O。天然来源可以具有Fe-Cu和Fe-Mn组成的大的变化，并且通常与不同的硅酸盐等混合。硅酸盐等可以用作活性Fe基材料的载体，例如增强颗粒强度。然而，相同的硅酸盐可能减少或影响容量的退化，这取决于存在的硅酸盐的类型。其他杂质也可能带来挑战，例如有毒金属的污染。因此，对不同材料来源的调查以及对最符合CLC对循环材料要求的来源的选择是Mineral SCOUT项目的重要第一步。本提案的目的是调查一些新矿物来源的性能，这些新矿物来源的成分与制造材料的成分相似，符合上述标准，在向CLC社区的合作伙伴介绍一两种新的有前景的矿物来源之前，

Chemical looping combustion aims to reduce the energy penalty in carbon capture systems by providing the oxygen for combustion from a solid oxygen carrier rather than from air. This means that the products of combustion are not diluted with nitrogen and allows pure CO2 to be easily collected for subsequent storage (i.e. CCS). The oxygen carrier usually consists of solid oxides which can give up their oxygen (and so become a reduced metal oxide) either by direct reaction with the fuel (e.g. CH4, CO or H2) or by releasing gas phase oxygen which can then react with the fuel (sometime call the CLOU effect). For solid fuels, materials are required which are low cost and can give full combustion and enhanced gasification by fast gaseous oxygen release). Such materials have been developed for gas based system but are too expensive for coal based systems where material losses are higher (lost with the ashes). Some laboratory made Fe-Cu and Fe-Mn compositions have shown the needed CLOU effect. In place of expensive manufactured materials, cheap mineral sources need to be identified with a comparable composition, which can be prepared, tested and verified to fulfil the demands of a CLC process. The mineral selected needs to have a sufficient reaction rate and capacity, low degradation and high attrition strength, and if possible, it should give enhanced gasification, including full conversion to CO2 and H2O.Natural sources can have large variations in Fe-Cu and Fe-Mn composition and are often mixed with different silicates etc. The silicates etc. might work as a support for the active Fe based material, e.g. enhancing the particle strength. However, the same silicates might reduce or influence the degradation of the capacity, depending on the type of silicate present. Other impurities may also pose challenges, e.g. contamination with toxic metals. This investigation into the different sources of material and selection of the sources which best match the demands CLC places on the circulating material is therefore an essential first step in the Mineral SCOUT project.The aim of this proposal is to investigate the performance of some new mineral sources with similar compositions to the manufactured materials with respect to the aforementioned criteria, before introducing one or two new promising minerals sources to partners in the CLC community.