Joint UK / China Hydrogen production network

英国/中国联合制氢网络

• 批准号: EP/G063265/1
• 负责人: Stuart Scott
• 金额: $ 32.29万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FG063265%2F1
• 关键词: Joint; UK; China; Hydrogen; production

The increasing threat posed by enhanced global warming, together with the requirement to secure energy supplies for both countries have led to this proposal for a collaboration of experts between China and the U.K. in clean technologies for energy production from fossil fuels. The overarching theme of the proposal is the production of clean energy/H2 from coal, via a number of thermochemical routes with the CO2 separated and ready for sequestration. We will investigate two forms of advanced chemical cycles which allow clean hydrogen to be produced from fossil fuels, without (unlike with current technology) a large energy penalty associated with capturing the CO2. These processes are at an early stage of development with research required on the underlying science of the concepts, as well as how these processes can be scaled up from the laboratory. Both types of chemical cycle make use of solid reactants which either act as CO2 acceptors or oxygen carriers. 1. Advanced gasification processes using the calcination-carbonation cycle: The original ZECA process aimed to generate hydrogen from coal, by first hydrogasifying the coal to methane, then reforming to syngas, before shifting to H2. The shift reaction was to be performed using calcium oxide to remove the CO2 and move the equilibrium of the water-gas shift reaction over to H2. The need to first reform the methane in to syngas faced potential problems with the sulphur in the coal which will contaminate the methane as H2S, and deactivate reforming catalysts. Here we will investigate combining the reformer and shift reactors, and the effect of H2S on the calcium looping agent, which must be repeatedly cycled between CaO and CaCO3. The hydrogasification of a spectrum of fuels needs to be explored, since the efficiency of this process will depend on the ability to completely convert the solid fuel into methane. At a pilot scale the continuous operation of enhanced water-gas shift process will be investigated, in a circulating fluidised bed.2. Hydrogen production using the iron-oxide based redox cycle: In chemical looping combustion, a fuel can be burned with a metal oxide (rather than air) to produce a stream of pure CO2. For power generation, the reduced oxide can be reoxidised with air to release heat. Some metals and oxides (e.g. iron) can be partially oxidised with steam to produce very pure H2. Fe2O3 oxide can be reduced to FeO or Fe using syngas; Fe and FeO can then be oxidised with steam giving Fe3O4 and hydrogen. The cycle can be completed by oxidising the Fe3O4 with air. Here we will investigate the continuous operation of this process on a laboratory scale, and on a pilot scale, using a combination of fluidised and moving bed reactors. The syngas must be generated from coal and will contain tars and H2S. We will investigate the affect of volatile material and sulphur on the iron based carrier, i.e. the extent to which the metal oxides can combust the volatiles, and whether the oxides are deactivated by sulphur. The use of these metal oxides ad tar cracking catalysts during gasification will also be investigated. Both the calcium based CO2 acceptors and the metal oxide based oxygen carriers must undergo many cycles of operation. Natural materials will often rapidly degrade. Artificial particles can be produced which have better characteristics. However, the behaviour of the particles is a very strong function of the physical structure, and the presence of additives/contaminants. We will investigate how the formulation of these materials affects their physical structures and the impact this will have on the reactivity over many cycles.

全球变暖加剧带来的日益严重的威胁，以及确保两国能源供应的要求，导致了中国和英国在利用化石燃料生产能源的清洁技术方面进行专家合作的建议。该提案的主要主题是从煤炭中生产清洁能源/氢气，通过一些热化学路线将二氧化碳分离出来，并准备进行封存。我们将研究两种形式的先进化学循环，这两种循环允许从化石燃料中生产清洁的氢气，而不会(与目前的技术不同)与捕获二氧化碳相关的巨大能源损失。这些过程处于开发的早期阶段，需要对概念的基本科学以及如何从实验室扩大这些过程进行研究。这两种类型的化学循环都利用固体反应物，它们要么充当二氧化碳受体，要么充当氧气载体。1.采用焙烧-碳化循环的先进气化工艺：最初的Zeca工艺旨在从煤中生产氢气，首先将煤加氢气化为甲烷，然后重整为合成气，然后转移到氢气。变换反应是用氧化钙去除二氧化碳，并将水-气变换反应的平衡移到H2上进行的。首先将甲烷转化为合成气的需要面临着潜在的问题，即煤中的硫将以硫化氢的形式污染甲烷，并使转化催化剂失活。在这里，我们将研究重整和变换反应器的组合，以及H_2S对钙环化剂的影响，钙环剂必须在CaO和CaCO_3之间反复循环。需要探索一系列燃料的加氢气化，因为这一过程的效率将取决于将固体燃料完全转化为甲烷的能力。在中试规模上，将在循环流态化床中研究强化水煤气变换过程的连续运行。利用氧化铁为基础的氧化还原循环生产氢气：在化学循环燃烧中，燃料可以与金属氧化物(而不是空气)燃烧以产生纯二氧化碳。对于发电，还原的氧化物可以与空气重新氧化以释放热量。一些金属和氧化物(如铁)可以用蒸汽部分氧化，生成非常纯的氢气。使用合成气可以将氧化亚铁还原为氧化铁或铁；然后可以用蒸汽将铁和氧化铁氧化，生成Fe3O4和氢气。循环可以通过用空气氧化Fe3O4来完成。在这里，我们将在实验室规模和中试规模上，使用流态化和移动床反应器的组合来研究该过程的连续运行。合成气必须由煤产生，并将含有焦油和硫化氢。我们将研究挥发性物质和硫对铁基载体的影响，即金属氧化物燃烧挥发物的程度，以及硫磺是否使氧化物失活。还将研究这些金属氧化物和焦油裂解催化剂在气化过程中的使用情况。钙基二氧化碳受体和金属氧化物基氧载体都必须经历多个操作周期。天然材料往往会迅速降解。可以生产出具有更好特性的人造颗粒。然而，颗粒的行为与物理结构和添加剂/污染物的存在有很强的关系。我们将研究这些材料的配方如何影响它们的物理结构，以及这将对许多周期的反应性产生影响。

项目成果

CO2-gasification of a lignite coal in the presence of an iron-based oxygen carrier for chemical-looping combustion

• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.045
• 发表时间: 2014-07
• 期刊: Fuel
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Marco A. Saucedo;J. Lim;J. S. Dennis;S. Scott

Interaction between Fe-based oxygen carriers and volatile hydrocarbons during Chemical Looping

化学循环过程中铁基氧载体与挥发性碳氢化合物之间的相互作用

• 作者: Jason Cleeton (Author)

Performance of a Fe2O3-based oxygen carrier, stabilised with NaAlO2, for the chemical looping production of hydrogen

用 NaAlO2 稳定的 Fe2O3 基氧载体用于化学循环制氢的性能

• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Digital proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Chemical Looping
• 作者: Liu W

Reversible CO 2 Absorption by the 6H Perovskite Ba 4 Sb 2 O 9

6H钙钛矿Ba 4 Sb 2 O 9 的可逆CO 2 吸收

• DOI: 10.1021/cm402875v
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Chemistry of Materials
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Dunstan M