Energy-related economic stress in the UK, at the interface between transport, housing and fuel poverty

目前，家庭能源问题的框架是减少能源消耗和排放，同时考虑到燃料贫困-英国政策和研究的一个既定领域。运输贫困和经济压力的情况并非如此，目前正在对这两个问题进行研究。尽管交通费用是家庭支出中越来越重要的一项，也是英国公众关注的主要原因-特别是对于低收入拥有汽车的家庭，他们将31%的收入用于交通。该项目将发展运输贫穷的概念，探讨其与住房和燃料贫穷的关系，以及对减少能源需求和社会正义的影响。它将建立英国学术和政策辩论与国外类似辩论之间的联系，其中运输成本增加和易受油价飙升影响的问题已从可持续空间发展的角度加以界定，突出了运输与住房负担能力之间的相互联系。以下研究问题将指导研究：1。在社会人口统计学、地理分布以及与住房和燃料贫困的关系方面，英国交通贫困和经济压力的系统模式是什么？2.这些模式对英国能源需求减少政策和情景的分布和总需求影响有什么建议？该项目旨在与DEMAND中心（www.demand.ac.uk）内正在进行的关于定性理解运输需求和负担能力的其他工作建立共生关系。它将为DEMAND的工作提供有关运输贫困和经济压力的硬数据，同时利用其定性结果为现有数据集的批判性讨论提供信息，并为定量分析指明方向。一套5个相互依存的工作包，主要包括二级定量分析，将持续18个月。具体目标是：1.在国际文献综述的基础上，从跨学科和国际角度概念化运输、住房和燃料贫困之间的关系2。通过分析最近的家庭支出数据（2012年生活成本和食品调查），探索英国交通支出的模式及其与住房和家庭能源支出的关系。根据EU-SILC调查表4，探讨英国和欧盟低收入汽车拥有家庭的物质匮乏和经济压力。通过分析默西塞德郡旅行贫困调查5，探索以高度贫困为特征的大都市地区交通贫困的地理详细模式。利用MOT测试和结果数据，了解技术滞后对低收入群体在加剧交通贫困和经济压力方面的潜在作用，并绘制英国范围内与燃料相关的经济压力和汽车用户对石油的脆弱性的地图。该项目旨在挑战目前的“筒仓”决策方法，其中交通，住房和燃料贫困问题被视为单独的问题。一系列书面产出（公开提供的工作文件和报告、政策简报）和公众参与活动（为期两天的国际跨学科研讨会和最后宣传活动）将旨在强调交通运输贫困的重要性，并将跨部门的利益攸关方聚集在一起，在相互促进和知识共享方面产生潜在影响。目标是推动制定创新的跨部门政策，沿着国外试验的措施（例如，地点效率抵押贷款、建筑物流动效率证书、计算住宅搬迁流动成本的在线工具）。

At present, home energy issues are framed in terms of reducing energy consumption and emissions while at the same time taking into account fuel poverty - an established area of interest for British policy and research. The same is not true for transport poverty and economic stress, which are currently under researched. This is despite transport costs being an increasingly significant item of household expenditure, and a major cause of public concern in the UK - notably for low income car-owning households, who spend 31% of their income on transport. The project will develop the concept of transport poverty, exploring its relationships with housing and fuel poverty, and implications for energy demand reduction and social justice. It will develop connections between the British academic and policy debate and similar debates abroad, where issues of increasing transport costs and vulnerability to oil price spikes have been framed in terms of sustainable spatial development, highlighting the interlinkages between transport and housing affordability. The following research questions will guide the study:1. What are the systematic patterns of transport poverty and economic stress in the UK, in terms of socio-demographics, geographic distribution and relationships with housing and fuel poverty? 2. What do these patterns suggest for the distributional and total demand implications of energy demand reduction policies and scenarios for the UK? The project has been designed to have a symbiotic relationship with other on-going work on qualitative understandings of transport needs and affordability within the DEMAND Centre (www.demand.ac.uk). It will inform DEMAND's work with hard figures on transport poverty and economic stress, while at the same time using their qualitative findings to inform a critical discussion of existing data sets and to orientate the quantitative analysis.A set of 5 interdependent workpackages, mostly consisting of secondary quantitative analysis, will span 18 months. The specific goals are: 1. to conceptualise the relationships between transport, housing and fuel poverty in an interdisciplinary and international perspective, based on an international literature review 2. to explore patterns of transport spending and its relationship with spending on housing and domestic energy in the UK, by analysing recent family expenditure data (Living Costs and Food Survey 2012)3. to explore material deprivation and economic stress in low-income car owning households in the UK and the EU, based on the EU-SILC dataset4. to explore more geographically detailed patterns of transport poverty for a metropolitan area characterised by high levels of deprivation, by analysing the Merseyside Travel Poverty Survey5. to exploit MOT Tests and Results Data to understand the potential role of technological lags for lower income groups in aggravating transport poverty and economic stress, and to produce UK-wide maps of the fuel-related economic stress and oil vulnerability of car usersThe project aims to challenge the current "silo" approach of policy making, in which issues of transport, housing and fuel poverty are seen as separate. A series of written outputs (publicly available working paper and report, policy briefing) and public engagement events (2-day international interdisciplinary workshop and final dissemination event) will aim to highlight the significance of transport poverty and to bring together a cross-sectoral audience of stakeholders, with potential impacts in terms of cross-fertilization and knowledge sharing. The ambition is to contribute to the development of innovative cross-sectoral policies, along the lines of measures experimented abroad (e.g. location efficient mortgages, mobility-efficiency certificates for building, online tools for calculating the mobility costs of residential relocation).