Vulnerability to fuel price increases in the UK: A household level analysis

Vulnerability to fuel price increases in the UK: A household level analysis
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英国燃料价格上涨的脆弱性:家庭层面分析

DOI:
10.1016/j.tra.2018.04.002
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Policy and Practice
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mattioli G
Mattioli G
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mattioli G

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在机动化程度较高的国家,尽管难以负担运营成本,但仍有部分人口拥有并使用汽车,因此可能特别容易受到汽车燃油价格上涨的影响,无论是市场主导还是政策驱动。本文提出了一种新颖的分类方法来调查家庭层面对此类增长的脆弱性。我们根据英国个人家庭支出数据提出了一套“与汽车相关的经济压力”(CRES)指标,以确定哪些低收入家庭在驾驶机动车辆上的支出过高,并评估其经济压力的深度。通过随后将数据集与当地燃油价格数据联系起来,我们能够对汽车燃油需求的分类价格弹性进行建模。这为我们提供了每个家庭对燃料价格上涨的适应能力的指标。调查结果显示,“低收入、高成本”家庭 (LIHC) 占英国家庭的 9%,具有独特的社会人口特征。有趣的是,他们的特点是对燃油价格上涨的反应非常低,这可能导致他们在家庭支出的其他重要领域做出妥协。模拟表明,燃料价格上涨 20% 会大幅增加深度,但不会增加 CRES 的发生率。总体而言,该研究揭示了由于暴露程度高、敏感性高和适应能力低而对燃料价格上涨的脆弱性较高的人群。这给交通运输部门的社会、环境和复原力政策带来了挑战。
In highly motorised countries, some sectors of the population own and use cars despite struggling to afford their running costs, and so may be particularly vulnerable to motor fuel prices increases, whether market-led or policy-driven. This paper proposes a novel, disaggregated approach to investigating vulnerability to such increases at the household level. We propose a set of indicators of ‘car-related economic stress’ (CRES), based on individual household level expenditure data for the UK, to identify which low-income households spend disproportionately on running motor vehicles, and to assess the depth of their economic stress. By subsequently linking the dataset to local fuel price data, we are able to model the disaggregated price elasticities of car fuel demand. This provides us with an indicator of each household’s adaptive capacity to fuel price increases. The findings show that ‘Low Income, High Cost’ households (LIHC) account for 9% of UK households and have distinct socio-demographic characteristics. Interestingly, they are characterised by very low responses to fuel price increases, which may cause them to compromise on other important areas of their household expenditures. Simulations suggest that a 20% increase in fuel prices would substantially increase the depth, but not the incidence of CRES. Overall, the study sheds light on a sector of the population with high levels of vulnerability to fuel price increases, owing to high exposure, high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity. This raises challenges for social, environmental and resilience policy in the transport sector.
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