Quantum technology capital: UK Superconducting Quantum Technologies

超导量子技术（SuQT）被世界各国认为是构建量子计算机的关键技术之一。基于半导体加工中使用的制造技术，根据量子物理定律运行的电路的创造是令人惊讶的，因为该设备是第一个显示量子效应的人造物体（与原子、电子和光子等自然实体相反）。它们之所以更加神奇，是因为它们能够通过设计或构造进行修改，而这是自然量子物体无法做到的。作为量子电子（量子位）电路，它们具有解决所有可寻址性、可控性、受控量子位耦合和读出等问题的潜力，这些问题是许多基于自然量子对象的其他架构所难以解决的。这就是为什么像b谷歌、IBM和雷神这样的大公司现在开始提供市场吸引力，为这一领域的发展提供资金。超导量子器件不仅为量子计算和搜索、信息安全和量子模拟的快速算法的发展铺平了道路，而且还为大量可能的新传感元件打开了大门，包括基于人造原子和量子光学的传感元件，以及数十亿美元的通信产业所使用的微波。为了使这一新领域的研究和发展成为可能，我们要求为最先进的电子束光刻（EBL）系统提供资金，该系统将使新一代SuQT的探索和开发成为可能，包括量子元材料、相干量子相滑移（由此可能重新定义电流单位安培）、微波量子光学和量子有限放大以及多量子位器件的进一步发展。作为该领域的世界领导者，我们将与国家物理实验室建立强有力的合作，并与JEOL （EBL系统的世界市场领导者）建立进一步的合作，形成一个财团，可以向英国学术界免费提供SuQT纳米制造设备至少五年。我们将与SuQT的另一位世界领导者Yuri Pashkin教授（兰开斯特大学）进行强有力的合作。我们是英国第一个成功建立超导量子比特铸造厂的团队，我们将以我们最先进的能力为基础，由皇家霍洛威投资约2000万英镑建立新的电子工程系，EBL将为未来的研究提供基础，并提供从科学到技术的精简路线。我们的目标是使英国成为超导量子技术的世界领导者。

Superconducting Quantum Technology (SuQT) is regarded across the world as one of the key technologies for the possible construction of a quantum computer. Based on fabrication techniques used in semi-conductor processing, the creation of electrical circuits that operate according to the laws of quantum physics is astonishing in that the devices are the first man made objects (as opposed to natural entities such as atoms, electrons and photons) to display quantum effects. They are all the more fantastic because of their ability to be modified by design or construction in ways that naturally quantum objects cannot. As quantum electrical (qubit) circuits, they hold the potential to solve all of the problems of addressability, controllability, controlled qubit coupling and readout that many other architectures based on natural quantum objects find difficult. This is the reason that major corporations such as Google, IBM and Raytheon are now beginning to provide market pull in providing funds to progress this field. Superconducting quantum devices pave the way not only for the development of quantum computing and fast algorithms for searching, information security and quantum simulation, but also open the door to a huge array of possible new sensing elements including those based on artificial atoms and quantum optics, but with microwaves, where the multi billion dollar communication industry operates.In order to enable the study and development of this new field we request funds for a state-of-the-art electron beam lithography (EBL) system that will enable the exploration and exploitation of a new generation of SuQT including quantum meta-materials, coherent quantum phase slip (with consequent potential for a redefinition of the unit of electrical current, the Ampere), microwave quantum optics and quantum limited amplification as well as further development of multi-qubit devices. As world leaders in the field we will build on our strong collaboration with the National Physical Laboratory and initiate a further collaboration with JEOL, the world-market leaders in EBL systems to form a consortium that can offer SuQT nanofabrication facilities to UK academia free of access charges for at least five years. We will collaborate strongly with another world leader in SuQT, Prof Yuri Pashkin (Lancaster University). We were the first group in the UK to successfully establish a superconducting qubit foundry, we will build on our state-of-the-art capability, supported by an approximately £20M investment by Royal Holloway in a new Department of Electronic Engineering, for which the EBL will underpin future research and providing a streamlined route from science to technology. Our aim is to establish the UK as a world leader in superconducting quantum technology.