Heat supply through Solar Thermochemical Residential Seasonal Storage (Heat-STRESS)

可再生热激励(RHI)计划鼓励英国采用可再生热技术，以支持到2020年12%的供暖来自可再生能源的雄心，而太阳能是具有巨大潜力的可再生能源形式之一。一个普通家庭屋顶上入射的太阳辐射量超过了一年的能源消耗。然而，太阳能热能技术利用的长期障碍在于能源供需之间明显的错配。热应力项目旨在通过短期(全天)和长期(季节性)热能储存和热化学热转换技术来最大限度地利用太阳能，以显著减少个别和/或多个住宅建筑(如当地社区或多层开发项目)的能源需求。这一概念建议在一个整体系统中显著推进相变材料(PCM)存储和热化学技术，使其有可能提供技术和经济上可行的解决方案。有了显热存储系统，所需的存储容量将很大，很难整合到现有的住宅中。潜热蓄热比显热系统具有更高的能量密度，热化学蓄热比潜热具有更高的能量密度。此外，热化学吸收技术很少遭受长期的热损失，并为太阳能季节性存储提供了一种更好的选择，即利用夏季收集的多余太阳能来弥补冬季供热不足。热化学吸附系统的显著优势之一是它本身就是一个集成的热泵和能量存储系统。这是一个纯热驱动的热泵循环，热源可以是季节性储存的太阳能，这将有可能避免电力或天然气使用以及因部署集成空气和地源热泵、电锅炉、燃气锅炉和目前正在开发的储存技术而导致的电网错峰负荷。热力改造提供了升级热的机会，它可能适合于家庭供暖，从而提供更高温度的生活热水。热应力项目旨在以技术准备水平较低的尖端技术为目标。应着眼长远：实现脱碳和削减能源账单的必要措施之一是避免由于需求不断增加、能源贫困加剧和即将加强的碳税而产生的传统发电和天然气消费。为了挖掘热化学吸附和PCM热存储的所有诱人潜力，为更好的先进世界做出贡献，学术界和工业界都需要立即做出更多集体努力，以解决重要的研究问题。

The Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) scheme encourages uptake of renewable heat technologies in the UK to support the ambition of 12% of the heating coming from renewable sources by 2020, and solar energy is one of the forms of renewable energy that has great potential. The amount of solar radiation incident on the roof of a typical home exceeds its energy consumption over a year. However, the longstanding barriers to the utilisation of solar thermal energy technology lie in the noticeable miss-match between energy supply and demand. The Heat-STRESS project aims to deliver the maximum benefits of solar thermal energy by means of short-term (diurnal) and long-term (seasonal) thermal energy storage and thermochemical heat transformer technology to significantly reduce energy demands for individual and/or multiple residential buildings, such as a local community or multi-storey development. The concept proposes to significantly advance phase change material (PCM) storage and thermochemical technology in a holistic system such that it has the potential to provide both a technically and economically viable solution. With sensible heat storage systems, the storage volumes required will be large and difficult to integrate into existing domestic dwellings. The latent heat storage has higher energy density than sensible heat system, and thermal-chemical thermal storage has much higher energy density than latent heat. Moreover, thermochemical sorption technologies seldom suffers from long-term heat loss and provide a preferable option for solar seasonal energy storage, i.e. using excess solar heat collected in the summer to compensate for the heat supply insufficiency during the winter time. One of the significant advantages of a thermochemical sorption system is that it is inherently an integrated heat pump and energy storage system. It is a pure heat-driven heat pump cycle and the heat source can be the seasonally stored solar energy, which would provide the potential to avoid electricity or gas use and off-peak grid loading resulting from the deployment of integrated air and ground source heat pumps, electric boiler, gas boiler and storage technology currently being developed. The thermal transformation provides the opportunity to upgrade heat, which may be suitable for domestic heating, so that it can provide higher temperature domestic hot water.The Heat-STREES project is aiming at a new high level of cutting-edge technologies despites with lower Technology Readiness Level. It should be envisaged with long-term vision: one of imperative measures to realise decarbonisation and to cut energy bills is to avoid the conventional generated electricity and gas consumption due to the continuously increasing demands, aggravating energy poverty and the forthcoming strengthened carbon taxes. In order to tap all appealing potential of thermal-chemical sorption and PCM thermal storage to make contribution for a better advanced world, more immediate collective efforts from both academia and industries is required to address important research issues.