CCS from Industrial clusters and their Supply chains (CCSInSupply)

工业排放的二氧化碳占欧盟排放量的25%，其中约60%来自能源密集型的化工、炼油、水泥、钢铁和水泥行业。这些加工厂的产品是全球经济的基础，然而，许多相应的制造过程正以(或接近)其最大实际效率运行。这减少了未来任何提高效率的措施在减少整个部门二氧化碳排放方面的影响。工业碳捕获和封存(ICCS)被国际能源署(IEA)视为实现工业部门脱碳的“最重要技术”。这项技术结合到工业加工厂，分离出二氧化碳，并将其运输到合适的位置，用于长期的地下储存。通过这种方式，加工厂不再将不需要的二氧化碳排放直接排放到大气中。尽管ICCS中的许多关键部件已经在试点项目中得到证明，但由于开发二氧化碳捕获、运输和储存基础设施的高资本成本，全面部署系统仍然是一个挑战。解决这些问题的一个有效方法是通过发展区域工业加工厂集群来分担负担，这些工厂都进入一个共同的ICCS网络。该项目汇集了来自纽卡斯尔大学、帝国理工学院和剑桥大学的强大学术团队，以及来自国际能源署、工业技术专家、各种CCS集群和示范点的重要技术支持。该项目将是第一个评估全球计划的多个潜在的ICCS集群并评估其对产品和消费者的影响的此类项目。它将主要专注于规划在英国蒂赛德的一个集群，该集群拥有一个钢炉、一个氨制造基地、一个氢气重整设施和一个化工厂。它将整理美国和欧洲许多试点示范的技术数据，以更全面地了解炼油厂和水泥生产场地等其他相关能源密集型加工厂所需的运营情况。这些技术数据将用于开发一套软件设计工具，用于规划综合控制系统集群，并开发一种优化其运作的手段。此外，还将开发一套强大的经济分析工具，以支持评估与该技术相关的经济和成本。将通过全面的外展和公众参与活动来评估对供应链的影响。将开发新的低碳产品的想法并评估其成本。这一进程将包括调查和重点小组，以从在计划中的ICCS集群的供应链中运作的关键利益攸关方那里获得意见和数据。这将包括与企业对企业客户的定期沟通，一直到最终用户和消费者。这将被用来更好地了解人们对这些潜在的低碳产品的态度，并评估在多种碳定价/政策情景下消费者的吸引力。

Industry is responsible for 25% of carbon dioxide emissions from the European Union with around 60% of these emissions coming from the energy-intensive chemical, petrol refining, cement, steel and cement industries. The products of these process plants are fundamental to the global economy however many of the corresponding manufacturing processes are operating at (or are close to) their maximum practical efficiency. This reduces the impact of any future efficiency improvement measures in reducing overall carbon dioxide emissions across the sector. Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage (ICCS) is considered by the International Energy Agency (IEA) as the "most important technology" to decarbonise the industrial sector. This technology couples into industrial process plants, separates out the carbon dioxide and transports it to a suitable location for long term underground storage. In this way, the process plants are no longer venting unwanted carbon dioxide emissions directly into the atmosphere.Whilst many of the key components in ICCS have been demonstrated in pilot scale projects, the deployment of a full scale system remains a challenge due to the high capital costs associated with developing the infrastructure for carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage. One effective means to address these issues is to share the burden by developing regional clusters of industrial process plants which all feed into a common ICCS network.This project brings together a strong academic team from Newcastle University, Imperial College and Cambridge University with significant technical support from the International Energy Agency, industrial technical experts, various CCS clusters and demonstration sites. The project will be the first of its kind to evaluate multiple potential ICCS clusters planned worldwide and assess their impact on products and consumers. It will mainly focus on a cluster planned in Teesside, UK featuring a steel furnace, ammonia manufacturing site, a hydrogen reforming facility, and a chemical plant. It will collate technical data from many of the pilot demonstrations in the United States and Europe to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the required operation of other relevant energy intensive process plants such as petroleum refineries and cement production sites. This technical data will be used to develop a set of software design tools for the planning of ICCS clusters and develop a means to optimise their operation. In addition, a robust set of economic analysis tools will be developed to support evaluation of the economics and costs associated with the technology.The impact on the supply chain will be assessed through a comprehensive outreach and public engagement exercise. Ideas for new low-carbon products will be developed and their costs evaluated. This process will include surveys and focus groups to gain opinions and data from key stakeholders who operate in the supply chains of planned ICCS clusters. This will include regular communication with business-to-business customers right through to end-users and consumers. This will be used to gain a greater understanding of attitudes towards these potential lower-carbon products and to assess the strength of consumer pull under multiple carbon pricing/policy scenarios.