Developing Highly efficient HTS AC windings for fully superconducting machines

超导体在其临界温度以下的电阻率为零，使其能够承载大量电流。因此，超导体可用于构造具有轻质和紧凑设计的强大电机。然而，设计超导电机时的一个关键困难是超导体在携带交流电流或交流磁场时会散热。低温环境中的这种热耗散（AC损耗）增加了将超导体保持在低操作温度下的成本和困难。交流损耗降低了系统效率，因为在室温下需要高达100倍的冷却功率来去除它。因此，为了提高机器效率，能够准确估计超导机器中消耗了多少交流损耗并确定减少这种损耗的策略是至关重要的。研究实验室在了解超导体的交流损耗方面取得了重大进展国际吧然而，估计电机中超导体的交流损耗本质上是一项困难的任务。电机内部的电流和磁场之间存在复杂的相互作用，这种相互作用对电机交流损耗的影响目前尚不清楚。研究超导电机的交流损耗需要实验和数值两方面的努力，本项目的目的是开发新的实验和数值工具来估计超导电机的交流损耗。我们将设计一个实验来测量超导体在模拟电机环境中的交流损耗。我们还将开发一种新的有限元模型，该模型将通过实验数据进行验证，以有效地估计全超导电机的交流损耗。此外，我们将使用该模型来确定新的策略，以减少交流损耗和提高效率的全超导机器，基于最新的HTS技术。

Superconductors have zero resistivity below their critical temperatures, enabling them to carry large amounts of current. Therefore, superconductors can be used to construct powerful electrical machines with light and compact designs. However, one key difficulty when designing superconducting machines is that superconductors dissipate heat when they carry AC current or in AC magnetic fields. This heat dissipation (AC loss) in a low temperature environment adds to the cost and difficulties of keeping the superconductors at low operational temperature. The AC loss reduces system efficiency because up to a hundred times the cooling power in room temperature is required to remove it. In order to increase the machine efficiency it is therefore vital to be able to accurately estimate how much AC loss is dissipated in a superconducting machine and to identify strategies to reduce this loss.Significant progress has been made towards understanding the AC loss of superconductors in research laboratories worldwide. However, estimating the AC loss of superconductors in electrical machines is an intrinsically difficult task. There is a complicated interaction between the current and the magnetic field inside an electrical machine and the influence of this interaction on the machine AC loss is unknown at this moment. Actions, both experimentally and numerically, are required to understand the AC loss of superconducting machines.The aim of this project is to develop new experimental and numerical tools to estimate the AC loss of superconducting machines. We will design an experiment to measure the AC loss of superconductors in a simulated electrical machine environment. We will also develop a new FEM model, which will be validated by experimental data, to efficiently estimate the AC loss of fully superconducting machines. Furthermore, we will use the model to identify new strategies to reduce the AC loss and improve the efficiency of fully superconducting machines, based on the latest HTS technologies.