Low Temperature Heat Recovery and Distribution Network Technologies (LoT-NET)

Lot-NET考虑了来自工业或其他来源的废热流如何进入低温热网络，联合收割机与最佳热泵和蓄热技术相结合，以满足英国建筑物和工业过程的加热和冷却需求。供暖和制冷产生了英国三分之一以上的二氧化碳排放量，占总能源需求的50%左右。BEIS得出的结论是，到2050年，供热网络可以提供高达20%的建筑热需求。供热网络以前使用高温热水为建筑物和工艺提供服务，但现在第四代网络寻求使用更低的温度，以提供更多的资源并减少损失。Lot-NET将进一步将低温（LT）网络与热泵技术和蓄热技术相结合，以最大限度地利用废物和环境热量。使用LT热网络与热泵相结合有几个优点：-它们可以再利用目前从城市环境中各种来源浪费的热量，例如数据中心，污水，变电站变压器，低品位工业废热。在使用点的小型热泵可以提高散热器的温度，用电量最小，对电网产生有害影响。工业高温废物可以通过热力热泵“倍增”，增加进入LT网络的能量。通过在较低的温度下运行供热网络，可以减少系统损失。热源的可用性通常取决于时间。Lot-NET将克服时间变化以及如何应用智能控制和实施策略的挑战。将采用热储存来降低电网的峰值负荷。更广泛地使用低温供热网络将需要适当的监管，以支持企业和客户，Lot-NET将需要通知并了解这些监管变化。BEIS HNIP支持初始金融投资的障碍，但商业方面对实施仍然至关重要。因此，LoT-NET的目标是证明一种具有成本效益的近零排放供暖和制冷解决方案，通过利用低成本低损耗的灵活热分配网络与新型输入，输出和存储技术的组合，实现废热和可再生能源的巨大潜力。目标是：1.开发一个空间和时间模拟工具，可以科普动态，规模效应，效率，成本等整个系统的不同温度的热源，分配网络，存储和交付技术，并将解决城市，郊区和远郊地区。2.确定满足系统能源、环境和成本约束的热捕获、存储和分配技术的优选组合。发展化学传热、热电联产、热电联产等阶跃变化技术。在头两三年内设计七种能源转换技术的概念原型、成本和验证（视情况而定）。它们由电驱动的蒸汽压缩和热驱动的吸附技术组成。然后，将优先考虑进一步发展那些可能在未来受益的项目。确定关键的最终用途和业务/行业要求，以便及时采用。虽然清洁增长战略和工业战略挑战基金最初支持未来的实施，但创新的商业模式将迅速降低客户想要购买和使用的产品或服务的成本。因此，将与利益相关者和最终用户进行接触，以提供可能的业务提案的证据。5.展示/验证适用于选定案例研究的综合技术。研究的加热、冷却、转换和储存技术的范围将单独进行实验室测试，并与模拟网络相互作用。

Lot-NET considers how waste heat streams from industrial or other sources feeding into low temperature heat networks can combine with optimal heat pump and thermal storage technologies to meet the heating and cooling needs of UK buildings and industrial processes. Heating and cooling produces more than one third of the UK's CO2 emissions and represent about 50% of overall energy demand. BEIS have concluded that heat networks could supply up to 20% of building heat demand by 2050. Heat networks have previously used high temperature hot water to serve buildings and processes but now 4th generation networks seek to use much lower temperatures to make more sources available and reduce losses. Lot-NET will go further by integrating low temperature (LT) networks with heat pump technologies and thermal storage to maximise waste and ambient heat utilisation. There are several advantages of using LT heat networks combined with heat pumps:- They can reuse heat currently wasted from a wide variety of sources in urban environments, e.g. data centres, sewage, substation transformers, low grade industrial reject heat.- Small heat pumps at point of use can upgrade temperature for radiators with minimal electricity use and deleterious effect on the electricity grid.- Industrial high temperature waste can be 'multiplied' by thermal heat pumps increasing the energy into the LT network.- By operating the heat network at lower temperatures, system losses are reduced.Heat source availability is often time dependant. Lot-NET will overcome the challenges of time variation and how to apply smart control and implementation strategies. Thermal storage will be incorporated to reduce the peak loads on electricity networks. The wider use of LT heat networks will require appropriate regulation to support both businesses and customers and Lot-NET will both need to inform and be aware of such regulatory changes. The barrier of initial financial investment is supported by BEIS HNIP but the commercial aspects are still crucial to implementation. Thus, the aim of LoT-NET is to prove a cost-effective near-zero emissions solution for heating and cooling that realises the huge potential of waste heat and renewable energies by utilising a combination of a low-cost low-loss flexible heat distribution network together with novel input, output and storage technologies. The objectives are:1. To develop a spatial and temporal simulation tool that can cope with dynamics, scale effects, efficiency, cost, etc. of the whole system of differing temperature heat sources, distribution network, storage and delivery technologies and will address Urban, Suburban and Exurban areas.2. To determine the preferred combination of heat capture, storage and distribution technologies that meets system energy, environmental and cost constraints. Step change technologies such a chemical heat transport and combined heat-to-power and power-to-heat technologies will be developed.3. To design, cost and proof of concept prototype (as appropriate) seven energy transformation technologies in the first two-three years. They consist of both electrically driven Vapour Compression and heat driven Sorption technologies. Priority for further development will be then given to those which have likely future benefits.4. To determine key end use and business/industry requirements for timely adoption. While the Clean Growth Strategy and the Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund initially support future implementation, innovative business models will reduce costs rapidly for products or services that customers want to buy and use. Thus, engagement with stakeholders and end users to provide evidence of possible business propositions will occur. 5. To demonstrate/validate the integrated technologies applicable to chosen case studies. The range of heating, cooling, transformation and storage technologies studied will be individually laboratory tested interacting with a simulated netw