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Gas-Fired Heat Pumps - Transforming the UK's Domestic Heating Sector

燃气热泵 - 改变英国的家庭供暖行业

基本信息

批准号：
EP/H008047/1
负责人：
Robert Critoph
金额：
$ 12.46万
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FH008047%2F1
关键词：
Gas Fired Heat Pumps Transforming

项目摘要

IntroductionThe technology being developed is that of adsorption cycle heat pumps. Adsorption cycles may be used as the basis of heat driven refrigerators, air conditioners or heat pumps. The high temperature heat used to power the machines can be from waste heat, solar thermal heat or, as in this application, combustion of a fossil fuel. They rely upon the periodic heating and cooling of adsorbent within reactors referred to as sorption generators. The specific application (product) that we intend to commercialise is a gas-fired heat pump that could provide space heating and domestic hot water to a house using one third less gas than the best condensing boiler.Previous fundingProf Critoph's group at Warwick has received funding from both the EU and EPSRC over many years, culminating in EP/C013808/1; Plate-type generators for super compact adsorption heat pumps (PLATEX). At the time of writing the proposal it was possible to show that gas-fired heat pumps could be made to the efficiency needed. The problem was that using conventional heat and mass transfer technology in the adsorption generators would result in systems that were unrealistically large and correspondingly costly. The stated aim was 'to develop and evaluate new types of adsorption generator that are up to two orders of magnitude more compact than existing technology, thereby enabling the introduction of a range of energy saving products.' PLATEX has been successful in that we have both patented and demonstrated systems in the laboratory that are 30 times more compact than commercially available equipment.Technical and commercial potentialWe have proved that our generators work as designed and have simulated their performance in domestic gas fired heat pumps Heat pumps may use the outside air, water or ground as a source of low temperature heat. Suitable water sources are comparatively rare and ground sources (vertical bore-holes or horizontal tubes), whilst energy efficient, are so expensive to install at present that we have to rule them out as systems that could be installed by the million in the UK. An air source machine can be used in almost all locations and may be conveniently packaged for easy installation. Our simulations based on annual data for the Midlands show that we can achieve a COP (Coefficient of Performance = Heat output to house / Gas input based on Gross calorific value) of 1.3 to 1.4. This represents a saving on gas bills of about one third compared to the best condensing boilers. Were the technology able to replace all domestic boilers in the UK, CO2 emissions would drop by about 26 M tonnes or 4.8 % of total UK CO2 emissions. This is a massive potential for a single technology substitution, although of course 100% replacement is not practicable. Regarding feasible market penetration, there are in excess of 1 million replacement gas boilers sold every year and even a 10% share would be enough to support economies of scale. There is also expected to be a significant market in the rest of the EU, particularly Germany, where at least four HVAC (Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning) companies are active in R&D.The whole system of air source evaporator, gas burner, heat pump etc will be housed in a single package that will be outside the house against an external wall. The only connections to be made through the wall are a gas supply, electricity for ancillaries and hot/cold water pipes. The system uses a 'natural' environmentally friendly refrigerant and the adsorbent is an active carbon supplied by a UK based company. The total volume is less than 0.4 cubic metres.

介绍正在开发的技术是吸附式循环热泵。吸附循环可用作热驱动冰箱、空调或热泵的基础。用于为机器提供动力的高温热可以来自废热、太阳能热或如在本申请中的化石燃料的燃烧。它们依赖于被称为吸附发生器的反应器内的吸附剂的周期性加热和冷却。我们打算商业化的具体应用（产品）是燃气热泵，它可以为房屋提供空间供暖和家用热水，使用的燃气比最好的冷凝锅炉少三分之一。超紧凑型吸附式热泵（PLATEX）的板式发生器。在撰写该提案时，有可能表明燃气热泵可以达到所需的效率。问题在于，在吸附发生器中使用传统的传热和传质技术将导致系统不切实际地庞大并且相应地昂贵。其目的是“开发和评估新型吸附发生器，比现有技术紧凑两个数量级，从而能够引入一系列节能产品。“PLATEX的成功之处在于，我们在实验室获得了专利，并展示了比商用设备紧凑30倍的系统。技术和商业潜力我们已经证明，我们的发电机按设计工作，并模拟了它们在家用燃气热泵中的性能热泵可以使用外部空气，水或地面作为低温热源。合适的水源相对较少，而地面水源（垂直钻孔或水平管道）虽然节能，但目前安装成本很高，因此我们不得不将其排除在英国数百万人安装的系统之外。空气源机几乎可以在所有场所使用，并且可以方便地包装以便于安装。我们基于中部地区年度数据的模拟表明，我们可以实现COP（性能系数=房屋热输出/基于总热值的燃气输入）为1.3至1.4。与最好的冷凝锅炉相比，这意味着节省了约三分之一的天然气费用。如果这项技术能够取代英国所有的家用锅炉，二氧化碳排放量将减少约2600万吨，占英国二氧化碳排放总量的4.8%。这对于单一技术替代来说是巨大的潜力，尽管100%的替代当然是不切实际的。关于可行的市场渗透率，每年销售超过100万台替代燃气锅炉，即使是10%的份额也足以支持规模经济。预计在欧盟其他地区也将有一个重要的市场，特别是德国，至少有四家HVAC（暖通空调）公司正在积极进行研发。整个空气源蒸发器，燃气燃烧器，热泵等系统将被安置在一个单一的包中，该包将在房屋外面靠外墙安装。唯一的连接要通过墙壁是一个天然气供应，电力和热水/冷水管道。该系统使用“天然”环保制冷剂，吸附剂是由英国公司提供的活性炭。总体积不到0.4立方米。