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Heat Pump Fully Integrated with Thermochemical Store (HP-FITS)

热泵与热化学存储完全集成 (HP-FITS)

基本信息

批准号：
EP/T025581/1
负责人：
Robert Critoph
金额：
$ 165.32万
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FT025581%2F1
关键词：
Heat Pump Fully Integrated Thermochemical

项目摘要

The contribution to decarbonising heat in buildings (both domestic and commercial) when utilising renewable electricity are well known and easy to appreciate. However, it is simplistic to think that with enough wind turbines, PV panels, etc. to produce renewable electricity and enough electric heat pumps to heat homes and other buildings that the problem will be solved.Even with very efficient heat pumps the peak electricity load on a Winter's morning might be 2 or 3 times the present grid and distribution system capacity and this does not include the effect of simultaneously charging the large number of electric vehicles expected in the future. The problem is complicated by the possibility of decarbonised gas (whether hydrogen or biogas) in a new or repurposed gas grid, partial enhancement of the electricity grid, etc.Possible ways to mitigate these problems will include both electricity and thermal storage to manage peak loads, either at consumer level or more centralised. This proposal concentrates on heat storage, which is many times less costly per MJ that electricity storage. The concept is to store heat at the consumer's (domestic or commercial) heat pump so that the heat pump can operate when most advantageous to the system, i.e. when there is surplus renewable electricity (predominantly wind and PV). Heat is drawn from the store when there is a higher demand for or lower availability of renewable electricity. Here we consider storage times of hours to a day, but not weeks or inter-seasonally.This is not a new idea in itself but attempts to come up with good solutions have met a number of challenges still to be solved. Prof Hewitt at Ulster has used a conventional heat pump linked to a hot water store supplying an (occupied) test house. Using signals from the Northern Ireland grid (which has a high proportion of wind capacity) the system has been operated using algorithms that would be utilised in future when the cost of electricity to the user reflected the variable production costs. This provided valuable experience in system operation and control but the overall performance was hampered by store heat losses and the limitations of the commercially available heat pump in terms of temperature output and modulation. We will use novel storage, heat pump and control systems in an integrated package that will demonstrate how both energy and economic benefits to the user and the national energy supply infrastructure can be achieved: Heat storage will be based on a new thermochemical absorption system that can store the required heat in a much smaller and low-loss package at close to ambient temperature. The heat pump will combine best practice with using a variable speed compressor in a sophisticated Economised Vapour Injection (EVI) cycle to achieve a Coefficient Of Performance (COP = Heat out / Electricity in) of 5 when delivering heat at 60 C. The control strategy will encompass the state of the grid and predicted time-variable tariffs with heat pump, store and house load models to ensure cost effectiveness combined with low emissions.The complete integrated system will be demonstrated in Ulster University's 'Terrace House'; a new building but built as an early 1900s terrace to facilitate retrofitting of new technology in old buildings whilst occupied by 'real' people.

利用可再生电力对建筑物（家用和商用）中的脱碳热的贡献是众所周知的，也很容易理解。然而，认为有了足够的风力涡轮机，光伏电池板，即使使用非常高效的热泵，冬季早晨的峰值电力负荷可能是目前电网和配电系统容量的2或3倍，这还不包括同时充电的影响预计未来将有大量的电动汽车。这个问题是复杂的脱碳气体（无论是氢气或沼气）的可能性，在一个新的或改造的天然气网，部分增强电网等，可能的方法来缓解这些问题将包括电力和热存储管理高峰负荷，无论是在消费者层面或更集中。该提案集中在热存储上，每兆焦耳的成本比电力存储低许多倍。该概念是在消费者的（家用或商用）热泵处储存热量，使得热泵可以在对系统最有利的时候运行，即当有剩余的可再生电力（主要是风能和光伏）时。当对可再生电力的需求更高或可用性更低时，从商店中提取热量。在这里，我们考虑的存储时间是几个小时到一天，而不是几周或跨季节。这本身并不是一个新的想法，但试图拿出好的解决方案遇到了一些挑战仍然有待解决。阿尔斯特的休伊特教授使用了一个传统的热泵，该热泵与一个供应（有人居住的）测试房屋的热水库相连。使用来自北方爱尔兰电网（其具有高比例的风力容量）的信号，系统已经使用算法来操作，当用户的电力成本反映可变生产成本时，该算法将在未来使用。这为系统的运行和控制提供了宝贵的经验，但总体性能受到存储热损失和商用热泵在温度输出和调节方面的限制的阻碍。我们将在一个集成的包中使用新型的存储，热泵和控制系统，这将展示如何为用户和国家能源供应基础设施实现能源和经济效益：热存储将基于一种新的热化学吸收系统，该系统可以在接近环境温度的情况下将所需的热量存储在更小和低损耗的包中。热泵将结合联合收割机最佳实践，在复杂的经济型蒸汽喷射（EVI）循环中使用变速压缩机，以在60 ℃下输送热量时实现5的性能系数（COP =热输出/电输入）。该控制策略将包括电网状态和预测的时变电价，以及热泵、存储和房屋负荷模型，以确保成本效益与低排放相结合。完整的集成系统将在阿尔斯特大学的“露台屋”中进行演示;这是一座新建筑，但建于20世纪初，以便于在旧建筑中改造新技术，同时由“真实的”人居住。