Novel Manufacturing for Resource Efficient Electrochemical Storage (NoRESt)

随着可再生能源发电水平的提高，需要将电化学存储纳入电网，以最大限度地降低成本，减少平衡电力供需所需的化石燃料的数量。目前，锂离子电池是为便携式应用而设计的，并没有针对固定应用进行优化，在固定应用中，电池的重量和密度并不像成本有效的存储那样重要。NoRESt奖学金设在斯旺西大学，在材料工程系领导一个团队研究储能应用的新制造工艺。斯旺西大学正在通过SPECIFIC IKC进行能源应用材料加工领域的国际领先研究。NoRESt奖学金将为固态电池的生产开发新的加工方法，用于固定能量存储的应用，通过减少界面电阻来提高其能量存储性能。这将通过开发可印刷和共烧结到电池阳极上的活性固体电解质浆料来实现。在这一领域之前的努力主要集中在新的化学活性电池组件，而不是加工方法。通过将新化学与新工艺相结合，该奖学金将利用固态印刷光伏领域的进步，并将其应用于电化学存储领域。与液态锂离子电池相比，固态钠电池将具有以下优势：-成本更低-制造过程中不使用钴或锂-减少对单一生产地点的依赖-减少电池生产对环境的影响。-降低回收成本-减少火灾风险（在废物处理和使用过程中）通过支持更大比例的可再生能源发电，固定储能电池将降低能源成本，并有助于实现英国限制气候变化灾难性影响的目标。这项研究将通过提供另一种结构和制造方法来支持电池化学的补充研究。在此研究期间，还将分析生产的环境成本，确保以尽可能小的环境足迹开发能源存储，突出对环境影响高的材料和工艺，以进一步研究开发替代方案。除了材料制造和加工外，还将考虑使用寿命结束，以便在开发过程的早期了解和减轻使用寿命结束的影响。除了开发新的处理方法外，这些电池的环境，成本和性能将与当前（锂离子）和其他新兴技术（盐水电池，液流电池和现代NiFe）进行比较。示范产品将在奖学金结束前制造出来，并在作为specific IKC项目一部分的零碳建筑中进行测试，这将加速该项目的商业化。

With an increasing level of renewable electricity generation there is a requirement for electro-chemical storage incorporated into the grid to minimise costs and decrease the amount of fossil fuels needed to balance electricity supply and demand. Currently lithium ion batteries, which have been designed for portable applications have not been optimised for fixed applications where weight and density of the battery are not as critical as cost effective storage.The NoRESt fellowship is based at Swansea University leading a team working on new manufacturing processes for energy storage applications, within the Materials Engineering department. Swansea University is undertaking internationally leading research within the field of processing of materials for energy application through the SPECIFIC IKC. The NoRESt fellowship will develop novel processing methods for the production of solid state batteries, for the application of fixed energy storage, to improve their energy storage performance by reducing inter-facial resistances. This will be achieved by developing active solid electrolyte pastes which can be printed and co-sintered onto the battery anodes. Prior efforts in this field have primarily focused on new chemistry for the active battery components rather than processing methods. By combining new chemistry with novel processing this fellowship will take advantage of advances in the field of solid state printed photovoltaics and apply them to the field of electro-chemical storage.Solid state sodium batteries will have the following advantages over liquid lithium ion batteries: - Lower cost - No cobalt or lithium used in manufacture - reducing reliance on single production locations- Reduced environmental impact of the battery production.- Lower recycling costs - Reduced fire risks (during waste processing and in use)By supporting a greater proportion of renewable electricity generations fixed storage batteries will reduce energy costs and help to meet the UK targets for limiting the catastrophic affects of climate change. This research will support complementary research in battery chemistry by providing an alternative architecture and method of manufacture. The environmental cost of production will also be analysed during this fellowship, ensuring that energy storage is developed with the smallest environmental footprint possible, with materials and processes with high environmental impact highlighted for further research to develop alternatives. Alongside materials manufacture and processing end of life will be considered in order to understand and mitigate early in the development process the impacts of end of life.Alongside developing novel processing methods the environmental, cost and performances of these batteries will be bench-marked against current (lithium ion) and other emerging technologies (salt-water batteries, flow cells and modern NiFe). Demonstrators will be manufactured before the end of the fellowship and be tested within zero carbon buildings built as part of the SPECFIC IKC project, this will accelerate the commercialisation of this project.