Multimaterial Stereolithography by Crosslinking through Luminescence Excitation

增材制造、快速成型或3D打印是指以逐层方法构建物体的无数制造技术。它代表了制造业的一场革命，因为它不特定于某个行业，来自不同行业的许多公司都受益于能够在内部高速生产定制样品，并且残留量和二氧化碳足迹较低。因此，3D打印市场正在扩张，预计其全球价值将在2019年至2025年期间以21.8%的复合年增长率增长。只有少数技术是低成本的，这对于使大量用户能够使用它们并产生更大的社会影响至关重要。这是FFF（熔丝制造）和一些光聚合物技术的情况，例如立体光刻（SLA）、数字光处理（DLP）和液晶显示器印刷（LCD）。第二个限制是可实现的分辨率，它决定了物体是否“眼睛光滑”或层是否可见。第三，很少有技术能够在同一物体上打印一种以上的颜色，或者在同一件中集成不同的材料，更不用说在样品中混合导电和非导电材料了。目前，还没有技术可以同时克服这三个限制。该项目的愿景是开发一种新的3D打印技术，能够首次生产多材料/多色物体，同时保持高分辨率和低成本。为了实现这一雄心勃勃的目标，MUSCLE的目标是开发一个新的光聚合物3D打印平台，该平台将能够使用不同的树脂顺序打印3D部件。该方法只需稍加修改即可适用于具有成本效益的光聚合物打印机。它将基于工程光学材料的使用和不同波长的印刷。

Additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping or 3D printing refer to a myriad of manufacturing techniques that build an object in a layer-by-layer approach. It represents a revolution in manufacturing because it is non-specific for an industry and many companies from different sectors benefit from being able to produce customised samples in-house at high speed and with a lower amount of residues and CO2 footprint. For this reason, the 3D printing market is in expansion, and its global value is projected to increase at a CAGR of 21.8% from 2019 to 2025There are many 3D printing techniques, all of which present advantages and disadvantages. Only a few techniques are low-cost, which is crucial for enabling their use by a high number of users and having a higher societal impact. This is the case of FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) and some photopolymer techniques such as Stereolithography (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP) and Liquid Crystal Display printing (LCD).A second limitation is the achievable resolution that determines whether an object is "smooth-to-eye" or if the layers are visible. Thirdly, few technologies are able to print with more than one colour in the same object, or with different materials integrated in the same piece, let alone mixing conductive and non-conductive materials in a sample. Currently, there is no technique that can overcome these three limitations at the same time.The vision underpinning this project is to develop a new 3D printing technology capable of producing multimaterial/multicolour objects for the first time, while maintaining both high resolution and low cost. For this ambitious target, MUSCLE aims to develop a new platform for photopolymer 3D printing that will enable the sequential printing of 3D pieces with different resins. The method will be applicable to cost-efficient photopolymer printers with minor modifications. It will be based on the use of engineered optical materials and printing at different wavelengths.