Nuclear Data Measurements for Advanced Nuclear Technologies

核裂变过程作为一种几乎无碳的能源已经被开发了几十年，它将在未来的全球能源供应中发挥重要作用。正在开发先进的核技术，这将有助于从核裂变中提供更便宜、更安全、更有效的能源。这些先进技术将使用新形式的核燃料和反应堆设计，这带来了固有的技术和科学挑战，必须加以解决以确保成功。具体地说，必须对控制这些技术中涉及的许多过程的物理有一个完整的理解。这种理解将来自详细的模拟和计算，这些是输入核数据的基础。这些核数据量化了所有相关的核反应，这些核反应发生并控制着这些系统的功能。这些数据集通常来自详细的实验，这些实验测量单个数量以达到适当的精度。该研究金应进行先进核技术优先的核数据测量。具体地说，测量中子诱导裂变，散射和捕获截面测量将使用各种技术和实验设施进行。中子截面描述了中子与特定核素的相互作用概率，作为入射中子能量的函数，是许多应用的关键核数据输入。这些复杂的相互作用是无法预测的，因此必须通过实验找到准确的截面。为了获得先进技术所需的数据，必须开发和启用新的实验技术和设备。首先，中子裂变截面将使用一种新颖的创新技术，利用逆向运动学中的转移诱导裂变来测量。使用外来锕系元素束在ISOLDE， CERN设施裂变的可能性，从而提取截面将使用一个新的检测系统，基于ISOLDE电磁谱仪。这种技术的优点是，所研究的同位素是放射性束的形式，而不是固定的目标，允许研究非常短寿命和稀有同位素的横截面。其次，中子散射截面将在VESUVIO， ISIS上进行测量，那里已经存在一个复杂的中子光谱装置，但尚未用于对先进核技术重要的核数据测量。最后，中子捕获截面测量将在世界领先的中子飞行时间设施n_TOF，拥有世界上最强烈脉冲中子源的欧洲核子研究中心和测量中子截面标准的GELINA， JRC-GEEL等设施进行。在这些主题中，共同的目标和产出将是提供核数据，以具体满足英国的要求，帮助开发和交付尖端和世界领先的先进核技术。

The process of nuclear fission has been exploited as a virtually carbon-free energy source for many decades and it is set to play a major role within future global energy supplies. Advanced Nuclear Technologies are being developed which will serve to provide cheaper, safer and more efficient energy from nuclear fission. These advanced technologies will use new forms of nuclear fuel and designs of reactor which bring inherent technical and scientific challenges which must be tackled to ensure success. Specifically, a complete understanding of the physics governing the many processes involved within these technologies must be obtained. This understanding will come from detailed simulations and calculations and underlying these are the input nuclear data. These nuclear data quantify all the associated nuclear reactions that occur and govern the functionality of these systems. These data sets typically arise from detailed experiments which measure individual quantities to appropriate accuracies. This fellowship shall carry out nuclear data measurements of priority for Advanced Nuclear Technologies. Specifically, measurements of neutron induced fission, scattering and capture cross section measurements will be performed using a variety of techniques and experimental facilities.Neutron cross sections describe the interaction probability of a neutron with a specific nuclide as a function of the incoming neutron's energy and are a key nuclear data input for many applications. These complex interactions cannot be predicted and therefore accurate cross sections must be found through experiment. In order to obtain the required data for advanced technologies, new experimental techniques and facilities must be developed and commissioned.Firstly, neutron fission cross sections will be measured using a novel and innovative technique utilising transfer induced fission in inverse kinematics. Using exotic actinide beams at the ISOLDE, CERN facility the probability of fission and thus the cross section will be extracted using a new detection system based around the ISOLDE Solenoidal Spectrometer. This technique has the advantage that the isotope under study is in the form of a radioactive beam rather than a fixed target, allowing the cross sections of very short-lived and rare isotopes to be studied. Secondly, neutron scattering cross sections will be measured at VESUVIO, ISIS where a sophisticated neutron spectroscopy setup already exists however has yet to be exploited for nuclear data measurements of importance for Advanced Nuclear Technologies.Finally, neutron capture cross section measurements will be performed at facilities such as the world-leading neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF, CERN which boasts the most intense pulsed-neutron source in the world and GELINA, JRC-GEEL where neutron cross section standards are measured.Within these themes, the common goal and output will be the provision of nuclear data to specifically meet the UK's requirements to aid in the development and delivery of cutting-edge and world-leading Advanced Nuclear Technologies.