Biomanufacturing with carbon capture and utilisation: A Zero Carbon Loss System

近140,000种工业材料和化学品在全球范围内销售。其中大部分是由二氧化碳排放量高、资源效率很低的化石原料制成的。为了保持英国的全球竞争力，为这些化学品和材料的制造寻找可持续的替代方案至关重要。生物制造利用生物系统来生产具有商业价值的生物材料和生物分子，在可持续发展中发挥着重要作用，并已在制造电子元件(例如，生物柔性印刷电路)、精细或特种化学品(例如，生物润滑剂)、建筑和建筑(例如，生物固化)、消费品(例如，生物基洗涤剂)、食品(例如，维生素和氨基酸强化)和药品(例如，疫苗生产)方面显示出成功的应用。然而，目前的生物制造路线中没有一条实现了零碳损失或零排放。事实上，许多生物过程(如发酵过程)会排放大量二氧化碳。在典型的生物制造中，只有三分之二的碳资源流最终进入最终产品，其余三分之一在制造过程中以二氧化碳排放和残渣浪费的形式损失。为了应对这一挑战，该项目将创建首个此类零碳损失生物制造系统，为英国实现2050年净零目标铺平道路。这将通过开发新的可持续的芳烃、杂环和其他木质纤维产品的生物制造来实现，并在制造过程中集成碳捕获和利用。这些基于生物的产品，如乐高积木，将被用于不同的组合，以制造各种产品，如药品、塑料、纺织、复合材料等，在整个制造生命周期中总体净碳损失(排放和废物)为零。BMCCU制造路线(WP1)的技术创新和资源优化将由实时系统范围的可持续发展评估(WP3)指导，并通过超越最先进水平的制造过程的可互操作数字孪生兄弟(WP2)联系在一起。它创造了一种新的方法，生命周期可持续发展评估将作为一种交互式决策工具完全嵌入早期技术开发，而不是传统的回溯性评估。该项目将为英国国家工业生物技术战略做出重大贡献，潜在范围为45亿GB GVA，6.3万个就业机会，到2030年每年减少25亿吨二氧化碳。为了实现这一愿景，该提案汇集了来自拉夫堡大学、赫里奥特-瓦特大学和伦敦帝国理工学院的不同的多学科团队，他们在循环经济、智能制造、工业数字化和脱碳方面拥有世界领先的专业知识。

Nearly 140,000 industrial materials and chemicals are marketed worldwide. Most of them are made from fossil feedstocks with high CO2 emission embedded, and very low resources efficiency. To maintain the UK's global competitiveness, it is vital to identify sustainable alternatives for the manufacturing of these chemicals and materials. Biomanufacturing, that utilises biological systems to produce commercially important biomaterials and biomolecules plays an important role in sustainable development, and has shown successful applications in manufacturing electronic components (e.g., bio-based flexible printed circuits), fine or specialty chemicals (e.g., bio-lubricants), building and construction (e.g., biocementation), consumer products (e.g., bio-based detergents), food (e.g., vitamin and amino acid fortification) and pharmaceuticals (e.g., vaccine production). However, none of the current biomanufacturing routes has achieved zero carbon loss or emission. In fact, many bioprocesses (such as those involving fermentation) will emit large amounts of CO2. In a typical biomanufacturing, only 2/3 of the carbon resources flow ends up in final products, while the rest 1/3 are lost during the manufacturing process, in the form of CO2 emissions and residue wastes.To address this challenge, the project will create the first-of-its-kind Zero Carbon Loss biomanufacturing system that will pave the way for the UK to reach the 2050 Net Zero target. This will be achieved by developing novel sustainable biomanufacturing of aromatics, heterocyclics and other lignocellulosics products with integrated carbon capture and utilization within the manufacturing process. These bio-based products, like building blocks of Lego, then will be used in different combinations to make various product such as pharmaceuticals, plastics, textile, composite materials, etc, with overall net zero carbon loss (emission and waste) throughout the manufacturing life cycle. The technology innovation and resources optimisation of the BMCCU manufacturing route (WP1) will be guided by real-time system wide sustainability assessments (WP3), linked by an interoperable digital twin of the manufacturing process beyond the state of the art (WP2). It creates a new approach in which the lifecycle sustainability assessments will serve as an interactive decision-making tool fully embedded in the early-stage technology developments, rather than traditional retrospective assessment.The project will contribute significantly to the UK's National Industrial Biotechnology Strategy, with a potential scope of £4.5 billion GVA, 63,000 jobs, and 2.5 billion tonnes of CO2 saving per year by 2030.To achieve the vision, this proposal brings together a diverse multidisciplinary team from Loughborough University, Heriot-Watt University and Imperial College London, with world leading expertise in circular economy, intelligent manufacturing, industrial digitalisation and decarbonisation.