Enabling Transient Computing for Unreliable Internet of Things: A Paradigm Shift for Sensor Systems (PROCEEDING)

研究和应用的背景：技术进步和社会对技术的看法的变化正在激发人们对物联网（IoT）的小型，灵活，可穿戴和可植入设备的兴趣。物联网描述了嵌入传感器、硬件和软件的物理对象（事物）的网络，以及通过互联网与其他设备连接和交换数据的其他技术。这些目标针对一系列应用领域，包括农业，家庭和楼宇自动化，射频识别（RFID）以及辅助生活和医疗保健。出于安装位置、易用性或美观性的原因，支撑这些应用的许多联网设备无法访问有线电源;相反，它们依赖于电池作为其主要电源。然而，电池供电的设备不可避免地经历了要求长寿命和小物理尺寸和重量的市场需求之间的直接紧张关系。因此，研究已经着眼于用从替代来源收集的能量来取代电池。然而，尽管能量收集在理论上提供无限的能量，但其输出变化并且经常失败，并且总体上不可靠。为了应对这一挑战，拟议的研究项目旨在为物联网应用设计一类新的传感器系统，这些系统能够适应不稳定性，并适应不断变化和不可靠的供应，如收获的能量。为了实现这一目标，该项目将首先针对保留系统状态的方法的设计和验证，或者换句话说，在电源故障发生之前快速保存系统状态，并在电源恢复后恢复系统状态。其次，该项目将专注于在可用时有效地使用能源，这意味着设计和验证运行时电源管理策略，以在不同的供电条件下可靠地执行并最大限度地提高性能和延长运行时间。最后，该项目将侧重于传感器设备之间间歇性（或瞬时）供电的零星交流的通信和网络。问题是，如果电源不可用，传感器设备无法接收和转发数据。因此，本项目将重点设计收发器和协议，以便在不同的供应条件下（能量感知网络）实现高效的广播机制。

The context of the research and applications:Technological advances and changes in the social perception of technology are fueling interest in small, flexible, wearable and implantable devices for the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT describes the network of physical objects (things) embedded with sensors, hardware and software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices over the Internet. These aim a range of application domains, including agriculture, home and building automation, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and assisted living and health care. For reasons of installation location, ease, or aesthetics, many of the networked devices which underpin these applications do not have access to a wired electricity source; instead, they rely on batteries as their primary power source. However, battery-powered devices inevitably experience a direct tension between market demands requiring long lifetimes and small physical dimensions and weight. As a result, research has looked towards replacing batteries with energy harvesting from alternative sources. However, although energy harvesting provides infinite energy in theory, its output varies and frequently fails and is overall unreliable. Its aims and objectives:To address this challenge, the proposed research project aims to design a new class of sensor systems for IoT applications that are resilient to intermittency and adjust to the varying and unreliable supply such as harvested energy. To achieve this, the project will first target the design and validation of methods to preserve the system state, or, in other words, to enable quick saving of the system state before a power failure occurs and restoring it once the supply recovers. Secondly, the project will concentrate on using the energy efficiently when available, which means designing and validating strategies for runtime power management to perform reliably and maximise performance and prolonge operations under varying supply conditions. Finally, the project will focus on communication and networking for sporadic exchange between sensor devices intermittently (or transiently) powered. The problem is that sensor devices cannot receive and forward data if the power supply is unavailable. Therefore, this project will focus on designing transceivers and protocols for an efficient broadcast mechanism under varying supply conditions (energy-aware networks).