Protecting public-facing professionals and their dependents online (3PO)

警察是面向公众的专业人员。这意味着他们在公众的视线中活动，有时会对他们的私人生活产生巨大的影响（例如，“社交媒体的审判”、不受欢迎的身份识别、在线骚扰以及对自己或家人的威胁）。虽然这通常被视为一种“纠正警察不公正”的方式，或者是一种“回头看”的民主化潜力，但它威胁到警察的社会地位以及他们职业角色之外的身心健康。他们的亲人（配偶、子女、其他亲密家庭成员）直接且立即参与其中，要么是因为他们也是目标，要么是因为他们必须生活在恐惧中，并接受对他们在线参与的限制，以保护他们的警察家人。因此，面向公众的专业警察及其家属作为网上公民的权利和机会显然面临着巨大的挑战和风险。3PO采取了不同寻常的开拓性举措，将保护在线公民的主题重新聚焦到执法领域，这通常被视为“公民需要保护”的领域。然而，目前既不知道官员（更不用说他们的家属）在线风险的程度，也不知道存在可靠的计划来保护在线公民群体。3PO项目将通过以用户为中心的方法解决这些差距，从而产生一系列有针对性的结果。首先，3PO将深入了解在线风险的程度、性质、驱动因素、机制和后果，以及对lpfp及其家属的危害。这将导致当前对隐私和同意作为集体概念的理解的重要改进，需要在（家庭/专业）团体中进行协商，并创建一个针对lpfp的特定在线风险和危害的分类。一个主要的重点将是共同创建三种以用户为中心的工具，用于lpfp和依赖物的被动和主动保护：(1)为lpfp和/或其家属提供的伤害报告应用程序，用于报告事件、问题事件或问题，以启动支持和保护措施；(2)漏洞评估（“自查”）应用程序，用于评估其自身的在线状态和账户设置，以识别潜在风险；(3)警务机构基于人工智能的伤害减轻和风险评估平台，包括基于人工智能的分析能力和仪表板，用于可视化反应性分析和主动监测个人和组织的伤害概况。第三，3PO将提供设计和政策建议，以及专门的警察培训和宣传活动。该项目将利用由谢菲尔德哈勒姆大学的恐怖主义、弹性、情报和有组织犯罪研究卓越全球连接安全研究中心（CENTRIC）领导的来自牛津大学、剑桥大学、伦敦大学学院和纳皮尔大学的经验丰富的应用和政策研究人员组成的联盟来实现这一目标。为了确保与我们的目标群体共同开发和充分相关的结果，3PO包括六个英国警察部队（伦敦警察局，苏格兰警察局，北爱尔兰警察局，南约克郡警察局，兰开夏郡警察局，亨伯赛德警察局）和内政部作为积极的研究伙伴。3PO的成果将惠及警察和执法部门以外的社会群体，因为知识和产品将转移到面临同样挑战的其他面向公众的职业，如政治家、教师、应急服务、NHS工作人员、记者等。因此，3PO的成果和产品将与大量对社会功能和弹性至关重要的群体相关。

Police officers are public-facing professionals. This means they operate in the public eye with at times dramatic repercussions for their private lives (e.g., 'trial by social media', unwanted identification, online harassment and threats to themselves or their families). While this is often framed as a way to 'redress police injustices' or as a democratising potential of 'watching back', it threatens officers' social standing as well as mental and physical health outside of their professional role. Their loved ones (spouses, children, other close family members) are involved directly and immediately, either because they are also targeted or because they have to live with fears and accept restrictions to their online participation in order to safeguard their police family members. Due to this, public-facing professionals police personnel (LPFPs) and their dependents clearly face strong challenges and risks to their rights and opportunities as citizens online. 3PO takes the unusual and pioneering step to re-focus the theme of protecting citizens online to the law enforcement domain, which is often treated as the one 'citizens need protection from'. However, at present neither the extent of online risks for officers, let alone their dependents, is known nor do credible plans exists for safeguarding this citizen group online. The 3PO project will address these gaps through a user-centred approach that will deliver a series of targeted outcomes. Firstly, 3PO will create in-depth knowledge about the extent, nature, drivers, mechanisms and consequences of online risks and harms for LPFPs and their dependents. This will lead to important refinements in current understandings of privacy and consent as collective concepts that need to be negotiated in (family/professional) groups and create a taxonomy of LPFP-specific online risks and harms. A major focus will be on the co-creation of three user-focused tools for LPFPs and dependents for reactive and proactive protection: (1) a Harm Reporting Application for LPFPs and/or their dependents to report incidents, problematic events or concerns to instigate support and protection measures, (2) a Vulnerability Assessment ("self-check") App to assess their own online presence and account settings to identify potential risks, (3) an AI-based harm mitigation and risk assessment platform for police organisations consisting of AI-based analysis capabilities and a dashboard for the visualisation of reactive analysis and proactive monitoring of individual and organisational harm profiles. Thirdly, 3PO will produce design and policy recommendations and specialised police training and awareness campaigns. The project will do so by utilising a highly experienced consortium of applied and policy researchers from Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, UCL and Napier led by the globally connected security research Centre of Excellence in Terrorism, Resilience, Intelligence and Organised Crime Research (CENTRIC) at Sheffield Hallam University. To guarantee outcomes are co-developed with and fully pertinent for our target group, 3PO comprises six UK police forces (Metropolitan Police, Police Scotland, Police Service Northern Ireland, South Yorkshire Police, Lancashire Police, Humberside Police) and the Home Office as active research partners. 3PO results will benefit societal groups outside police and law enforcement, as knowledge and products transfer to other public-facing professions faced with the same challenge such politicians, teachers, emergency services, NHS staff, journalists, amongst others. Hence, 3PO's results and products will be relevant for a large number of groups crucial for societal functioning and resilience.