SimPoMol: Quantum Simulation with Ultracold Polar Molecules

强相互作用的多体量子态是诸如分数量子霍尔效应、高温超导和奇异形式的磁性等现象的核心。理解这些现象是如何出现的通常是计算上难以解决的，并且仍然是现代物理学的巨大挑战之一。克服这一挑战的一个有希望的途径是使用高度可控的人工量子系统来模拟被认为是支撑在更复杂的真实的材料中观察到的行为的物理学。SimPoMol的目标是使用规则阵列排列的超冷RbCs分子来合成和研究人工量子材料，以探索强相互作用量子系统中的新量子现象。分子的使用是由其丰富的内部结构，结合可控的长程偶极-偶极相互作用的存在，长的陷阱寿命和强耦合到电场和微波场的动机。我们将使用三个实验平台，每个平台都利用我们在RbCs分子研究方面的专业知识，超越当前的最先进水平：体分子气体，分子组装在光镊阵列和量子气体显微镜的分子在二维光学晶格。我们将使用旋转魔术陷阱设计长的旋转相干时间，允许访问分子之间的偶极-偶极相互作用。我们将利用分子的旋转结构作为合成维度来模拟拓扑材料的原型模型，并研究相互作用分子的一维链中的新多体相。我们将展示一个分子量子编码的多伊奇算法和实现高保真量子门之间的分子。最后，我们将开发晶格中分子的单点成像和寻址，并使用这个强大的工具来探测强相关量子相的出现，并探索人造材料中的量子磁性。

Strongly-interacting many-body quantum states lie at the heart of phenomena such as the fractional quantum Hall effect, high-temperature superconductivity and exotic forms of magnetism. Understanding how these phenomena emerge is often computationally intractable and remains one of the great challenges of modern physics. A promising route to conquering this challenge is to use a highly controllable artificial quantum system to simulate the physics believed to underpin the behaviour observed in more complex, real materials.The goal of SimPoMol is to synthesise and study artificial quantum materials using ultracold RbCs molecules arranged in regular arrays in order to probe novel quantum phenomena in strongly interacting quantum systems. The use of molecules is motivated by their rich internal structure, combined with the existence of controllable long-range dipole-dipole interactions, long trap lifetimes and strong coupling to electric and microwave fields.We will use three experimental platforms, each leveraging our established expertise in the study of RbCs molecules, to go beyond the current state-of-the-art: bulk molecular gases, molecules assembled in arrays of optical tweezers and a quantum gas microscope for molecules in 2D optical lattices. We will engineer long rotational coherence times using rotationally-magic traps, allowing access to dipole-dipole interactions between molecules. We will exploit the rotational structure of molecules as a synthetic dimension to simulate archetypal models of topological materials and study new many-body phases in 1D chains of interacting molecules. We will demonstrate a molecular qudit encoding of the Deutsch algorithm and implement highfidelity quantum gates between molecules. Finally, we will develop single site imaging and addressing of molecules in lattices and use this powerful tool to probe the emergence of strongly correlated quantumphases and explore quantum magnetism in our artificial materials.