The Antiracist Clinic: Political Freudianism and Black Psychoanalysis in the 20th and 21st Centuries

拟议的项目通过研究精神分析的跨国传统，试图理解和消除反黑人种族主义的心理根源，在精神分析的历史和理论上开辟了新的天地。在其核心，这个项目密切审查一起，第一次，临床和理论著作的法国-马提尼克精神病学家和哲学家弗朗茨·法农（1925-1961），非裔美国精神分析师和活动家威廉·格里尔（1926-2015）和普莱斯·科布斯（1928-2015），和海地加拿大分析师和人类学家威利·阿波罗（1937-）。通过关注他们对种族压迫的性别形式的理解，因为他们在出版的案例历史和临床小插曲中表现出来，我认为法农，格里尔和科布斯的见解，和阿波罗的见解推动当代心理社会理论在新的方向和激进当前关于种族主义和反种族主义的公共辩论。与主流弗洛伊德理论不同，反种族主义诊所的黑人精神分析师在社区心理健康诊所执业，并在治疗黑人/女性患者的工作中发展了反黑人种族主义的创新理论。考虑到法农、格里尔和科布斯以及阿波罗的综合工作，不仅填补了精神病学史上的关键空白，而且推进了当代心理社会理论：他们对种族痛苦的“心身”形式的分析取代了弗洛伊德社会批评的基础，后者是基于“正常”神经症患者的心理冲突。使用精神分析案例推理的尖端方法，我认为反种族主义诊所通过展示1）种族主义的精神痛苦如何具有社会原因（即，精神疾病是政治性的）; 2）种族暴力的结构性需要超越“健康”、“正常”和“个人”的医学框架的治疗干预。"

The proposed project breaks new ground in the history and theory of psychoanalysis by examining a transnational tradition of psychoanalysis that sought to understand and undo the psychosocial roots of anti-Black racism. At its core, this project closely examines together, for the first time, the clinical and theoretical writings of the French-Martinican psychiatrist and philosopher Frantz Fanon (1925-1961), African American psychoanalysts and activists William Grier (1926-2015) and Price Cobbs (1928-2015), and Haitian Canadian analyst and anthropologist Willy Apollon (1937- ). By focusing on their understandings of the gendered forms of racial oppression as they manifest in published case histories and clinical vignettes, I argue that Fanon's, Grier's & Cobbs', and Apollon's insights push contemporary psychosocial theory in new directions and radicalize current public debates about racism and antiracism.Unlike mainstream Freudian theory, Black psychoanalysts of the antiracist clinic practiced in community mental health clinics, and developed innovative theories of anti-Black racism out of their work treating Black/women patients. Accounting for Fanon's, Grier's & Cobbs', and Apollon's combined work not only fills crucial gaps in the history of psychiatry but advances contemporary psychosocialtheory: their analysis of the "psychosomatic" form of racial suffering displaces the very foundations of Freudian social criticism, which are based on the "normal" neurotic's psychic conflicts. Using a cutting-edge method of psychoanalytic case reasoning, I argue that the antiracist clinic illuminates the limits of traditional psychoanalysis-as both a theory and practice-by showing how 1) the psychic suffering of racism has a social cause (i.e., mental illness is political) and that 2) the structural nature of racial violence requires therapeutic interventions that go beyond the medical framework of "health," "normality," and the "individual."