RADIOLYSIS, PHOTOLYSIS AND SONOLYSIS OF CELLS AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS

最近，人们对使用超声波治疗疾病重新产生了兴趣 自超声和血卟啉联合治疗癌症以来， 光动力疗法中用于肿瘤治疗的光化学增敏剂 在抑制肿瘤生长方面表现出明显的协同作用。 声敏化，这个术语可以用来描述 超声波检查，也发现阿霉素、柔红霉素、 二氮酮，也适用于有机溶剂二甲基亚砜和N，N- 二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。目前，该计划的基本机制 药物和超声波对细胞杀伤的协同作用不是 了解情况，需要进一步调查。对这一问题的理解 药物/超声协同作用的机理是进一步研究的基础 声敏化治疗在肿瘤治疗中的应用。 用电子自旋共振和自旋捕获方法研究了 利用自旋陷阱3，5-二溴-4-二甲基甲酰胺/水混合物的声化学 亚硝基苯磺酸盐(DBNBS)甲基和H_2CN(CH_3)C(O)H自由基 在暴露于50kHZ的DMF水溶液中，用DBNBS捕获自旋 在氩气下进行超声波检查。这些自由基加合物的产率随着 增加DMF的摩尔分数。此行为不同于 以前研究过的有机溶剂与水蒸气的水溶液混合物 压力高于水，这会导致空化的抑制 由于=Cp/Cv的影响而发生的事件除了激进分子的旋转 捕获在DMF水溶液中的N(CH3)R自由基被用 自旋陷阱亚硝基(ND)在声解纯DMF中的应用动能 超声诱导产生‘CHRR’和‘CHRR’的同位素效应，KH/Kd 正十二烷/正十二烷-D26和正十二烷-D26混合物中的‘CDRR’自由基 用甲苯/甲苯-d8考察了不同温度下的反应温度。 声化学反应区：氢气区域的温度 正十二烷中的抽提自由基生成(‘CHRR’)估计为 75O+/-150K； 估算了甲苯通过声化学热解生成的自由基 大约是6000K。这种方法似乎是一种很有前途的探测工具。 不同声化学区的温度及其作用机制 涉及声动力相互作用的过程。

Recently there has been renewed interest in the use of ultrasound for cancer therapy since the combination of ultrasound and hematoporphyrin, a photochemical sensitizer for tumor treatment in photodynamic therapy, showed marked synergistic effects on the inhibition of tumor growth. Sonosensitization, a term that can be used to describe the potentiation of drug toxicity by ultrasound, was also found for adriamycin, daunomycin, diaziquone, and also for organic solvents dimethylsulfoxide, and N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF). Currently, the underlying mechanisms of the synergistic effects of drugs and ultrasound on cell killing are not understood and need further investigations. The understanding of the mechanism of drug/ultrasound synergism is essential for possible further therapeutic applications of sonosensitizing therapy in tumor treatment. Electron spin resonance and spin trapping methods were used to investigate the sonochemistry of DMF/water mixtures using the spin trap 3,5-dibromo-4- nitrosobenzene sulfonate (DBNBS). The methyl and H2CN(CH3)C(O)H radicals were spin trapped with DBNBS in aqueous DMF mixtures exposed to 5OkHz ultrasound under argon. The yields of these radical adducts increase with increasing molar fraction of DMF. This behavior is different from the previously investigated aqueous mixtures of organic solvents with vapor pressures higher than water, which results in dampening of the cavitation events due to the effect of =Cp/Cv. In addition to the radicals spin trapped in queous DMF mixtures the N(CH3)R radical were detected using the spin trap nitrosodurene (ND) in sonolysis of pure DMF. The kinetic isotope effect, kH/kD, for the ultrasound-induced production of 'CHRR' and 'CDRR' radicals in mixtures of n-dodecane/n-dodecane-d26 and toluene/toluene-d8 was used to probe the temperatures of various sonochemical reaction regions: the temperature of the region of hydrogen abstraction radical formation ('CHRR') in n-dodecane was estimated to be 75O+/- 150 K; the effective temperature of the region where benzyl radicals are formed from toluene by sonochemical pyrolysis was estimated to be about 6000K. This method appears to be a promising tool for probing the temperatures of different sonochemical regions and mechanisms of the processes involved in sonodynamic interactions.