Technology and Use of Neolithic Pottery from North Macedonia

新石器时代早期（EN）是人类历史上的一个关键点，当时移动的狩猎采集群体广泛地过渡到以农业为基础的定居生活方式，DNA和驯化证据表明安纳托利亚和欧洲农业社区之间的关系和运动。其中很重要的一部分是陶瓷容器的广泛采用和生产，这为研究新的农业实践的发展提供了重要的数据来源，例如乳制品，技术实践的发展，以及与烹饪等不同食物方式相关的功能性陶器类的创建。TECUS位于约克大学，将是第一个利用考古、实验和实验室方法全面调查北马其顿EN陶器（公元前6200- 5500年）生产和使用的跨学科项目。这是一个关键地区，位于南部和北方路线的新石器时代，连接先锋区在西安纳托利亚，地中海和中欧。然而，与邻近地区不同，来自北马其顿的EN陶瓷没有使用基于实验室的方法的综合方案进行详细的材料分析，因此，关于技术知识的分布和传播，新石器时代陶艺家在不同景观中使用的原材料资源，陶瓷容器的使用方式，以及与当前文化身份和地理边界观念有关的特色陶器风格的发展。TECUS使用的独特方法组合，包括薄片岩相学，扫描电子显微镜，有机残留物，机械性能测试和使用磨损分析，将产生高质量的多方面数据，以调查陶瓷生产和消费如何与日常活动，身份和农业社区的分散。这些数据将用于在更广泛的叙述中对北马其顿的地方进行背景化，这些叙述涉及向新石器时代生活方式的过渡以及不同陶器类型的技术和功能发展。

The Early Neolithic (EN) is a pivotal point in human history when mobile hunter-gather groups broadly transitioned to agriculturally based sedentary lifestyles, with aDNA and domesticate evidence indicating a relationship between, and movement of, Anatolian and European farming communities. A significant part of this was the widespread adoption and production of ceramic containers, which offer an important data source to examine development of new agricultural practices, such as dairying, the development of technical practices, and the creation of functional pottery classes related to different foodways such as cooking. Based at the University of York, TECUS will be the first interdisciplinary project utilising archaeological, experimental and lab-based methods to holistically investigate the production and use of EN pottery (6200-5500BC) from North Macedonia. This is a key area that lies within southern and northern routes of Neolithisation, connecting pioneer zones in Western Anatolia, to the Mediterranean and central Europe. However unlike neighbouring regions, EN ceramics from North Macedonia have not been subject to detailed material analyses using an integrated programme of lab-based methods, and as such, there are many open questions about the distribution and spread of technological knowledge, the raw material resources used by Neolithic potters in different landscapes, the ways in which ceramics containers were used, and the development of characteristic pottery styles in relation to current ideas of cultural identity and geographical boundaries. The unique combination of methods used in TECUS that include thin section petrography, scanning electron microscopy, organic residue, mechanical properties testing and use wear analysis will produce high quality multi facetted data to investigate how ceramic production and consumption relates to the daily activities, identity, and the dispersal of agricultural communities. The data will be used to contextualise the place of North Macedonia within broader narratives about the transition to Neolithic ways of living, and the technical and functional development of different pottery types.