THE ROLE OF BATHTUB RINGS AND SEATS IN INFANT DROWNING DEATHS

溺水是美国儿童受伤死亡的主要原因 States.最近的研究表明，与其他年龄组不同， 婴儿溺水死亡率实际上在上升。 约 40%的婴儿溺水发生在浴缸里。 在这项研究中，我们检查 婴儿溺水中涉及的浴环和浴座 和蹒跚学步的孩子 浴环于1981年首次在美国上市。 国债风险不但包括 一个直径约9.5英寸的塑料环， 附腿，6到8英寸长。 有两个基本的变化， 设计 在第一种情况下，该装置通过吸力附接到桶表面 位于腿的底面上的杯。 婴儿要么坐在 浴缸表面或在一个可选的海绵垫，适合在环。 在第二种设计中，三条腿连接到橡胶垫上， 婴儿坐在上面。橡胶垫的底面覆盖有 将设备连接到浴缸表面的小吸盘。 无论是 设计通常有一个明显的前面和婴儿的腿是 应该是跨坐在一个特殊的浴缸环腿上 浴室座椅被引入 1991年 与浴环类似，座椅将婴儿容纳在一个 塑料环，并有塑料腿跨，但“浴座”也 提供了一种模制的塑料座椅供婴儿坐在上面。 根据消费者产品安全委员会的数据，我们报告了 15例溺水死亡涉及婴儿浴座或浴环， 8、近距离溺水这份报告在医学文献中是第一份 提醒卫生专业人员注意这些产品的潜在危害。

Drowning is a leading cause of injury death among children in the United States. Recent studies have shown that, unlike other age groups, rates of death from drowning are actually increasing among infants. Approximately 40% of infant drownings occur in the bathtub. In this study we examine the involvement of bath rings and bath seats in drownings among infants and toddlers. Bath rings were first marketed in the United States in 1981. They consist of a plastic ring, about 9.5 inches in diameter, with three or four attached legs, 6 to 8 inches in length. There are two basic variations in design. In the first the device is attached to the tub surface by suction cups located on the bottom surface of the legs. The infant either sits on the tub surface or on an optional sponge pad that fits within the ring. In the second design three legs are attached to a rubber mat that the infant sits on. The bottom surface of the rubber mat is covered with small suction cups that attach the device to the tub surface. In both designs there is usually a discernible front and the infant's legs are meant to straddle a particular bath ring leg. Bath seats were introduced in 1991. Similar to the bath ring, the seat contains the infant within a plastic ring and has plastic legs for straddling but the "bath seat" also provides a molded plastic seat for the infant to sit on. Using data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission, we report the involvement of infant bath seats or bath rings in 15 drowning deaths and 8 near drownings. This report is the first in the medical literature alerting health professionals to the potential hazards of these products.