TOWARD A MODEL OF NORMAL AND DISORDERED COGNITION

我们计划一个项目，以开发和评估正常的一般模型， 和认知障碍。 该模型旨在弥合以下方面的差距 对生物紊乱的理解不断加深， 认知和越来越多的行为证据的确切性质 造成的赤字。 该模型体现了一套原则， 提供了一个起点，捕捉正常认知的基本方面， 以及脑损伤、发育异常和 神经调节对认知过程的影响 我们提出了三个部分项目 旨在调查模型的适当性，使用计算机 从正常人、精神分裂症患者 和脑损伤人群。 第1部分概述了旨在建立 信息处理的几个一般规律是否可以解释 作为处理系统的涌现特性， 的模型，并将该模型应用于两个良好的研究信息 涉及使用上下文和注意力控制的处理任务 处理. 第2部分探讨了神经调节障碍对 信息处理. 它使用该模型来检查行为 在精神分裂症患者中看到的缺陷可以通过假设 前额叶多巴胺敏感神经元的反应性降低 皮层 第3部分研究了一种特定类型的获取信息 处理技能（单词识别和命名），并寻求建立 一个模型，占正常的熟练性能，发展 处理能力，脑损伤的影响，以及发育 异常 该项目的核心部分将提供机制， 促进模型的进一步发展并纳入 神经生物学证据，以及所需的计算资源， 评估模型的适当性。 该项目将直接有助于我们了解这些过程 基本的正常认知和准确的理解， 由潜在的损害或干扰引起的疾病 生物过程。

We plan a Program Project to develop and assess a general model of normal and disordered cognition. The model is intended to bridge the gap between the growing understanding of the biological disorders that can affect cognition and the growing body of behavioral evidence on the precise nature of the resulting deficits. The model embodies a set of principles that provide a starting place for capturing basic aspects of normal cognition and effects of brain damage, developmental anomalies, and disorders of neuromodulation on cognitive processes. We present three part-projects designed to investigate the adequacy of the model, using computer simulation of behavioral data to be obtained from normal, schizophrenic, and brain-damaged populations. Part 1 outlines work designed to establish whether several general laws of information processing can be accounted for as emergent properties of processing systems that adhere to the principles of the model, and applies the model to two well studied information processing tasks involving the use of context and attention to control processing. Part 2 explores the effects of disorders of neuromodulation on information processing. It uses the model to examine how well behavioral deficits seen in schizophrenic patients can be accounted for by assuming a reduction in the responsivity of dopamine-sensitive neurons in prefrontal cortex. Part 3 examines one specific type of acquired information processing skill (word identification and naming), and seeks to establish a model that accounts for normal skilled performance, the development of processing ability, the effects of brain damage, and developmental anomalies. The Core component of the project will provide mechanisms to facilitate further development of the model and the incorporation of neurobiological evidence, as well as the computational resources needed to assess the adequacy of the model. The project would contribute directly to our understanding of the processes underlying normal cognition and of the precise understanding of the disorders that arise from damage or disturbance of the underlying biological processes.