Materials irradiation: from basics to applications (MAMBA)

物质经常受到辐照.人们可以想到太空中的电子设备、放射治疗、溅射材料加工、纳米粒子改性、民用核工业材料、辐射探测器等等。这些场景都有一个共同点，那就是辐射会使物质失去平衡，有时会像激光烧蚀一样非常戏剧化，导致各种尺度的各种物理，化学和生物现象，从电子激发的阿秒和纳米开始，到工程或生物尺度的几米，几天甚至几年，宏观现象，如故障，断裂，爆炸，或者由于辐射而发生死亡。有时目标是避免或减轻损害，而其他时候则是利用辐射的影响来改变材料的性质。在所有这些情况下，理解材料对强烈和快速能量沉积的反应的基本机制是至关重要的。MAMBA的研究目标是提高我们对材料对辐射反应的理解，并将其应用于定制和控制暴露于强辐射环境的材料的性质，无论是被动的还是非主动的。我们已经选择了五个案例研究躺在知识的前沿，并跨越应用在不同的，虽然连接，领域：空间电子，光伏电池的空间应用，耐辐射纳米结构的核聚变应用，辐射探测器forclinical研究，质子放射治疗，和辐射氢发电在核退役。这些主题将通过实验和建模技术的结合来解决，在很大程度上，这些领域是共同的。这种共性允许主题之间的交叉授粉，并实施丰富的培训计划，包括学校，研讨会和许多借调的PM。

Quite frequently matter is subject to irradiation. One can think of electronic devices in space, radiotherapies, materials processing bysputtering, nanoparticle modification, materials in the civil nuclear industry, radiation detectors, and many others. There is a commondenominator to these scenarios, and is that radiation brings matter out of equilibrium, sometimes quite dramatically as in laserablation, leading to a variety of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena at all scales, starting at the attosecond and nanometerwith electronic excitation, and going up to meters and days or even years at the engineering or biological scale, where macroscopicphenomena like failure, fracture, explosion, or death can occur as a consequence of irradiation. Sometimes the goal is to avoid ormitigate damage, and other times is to harness the effects of radiation to alter the properties of materials. In all these scenarios it iscrucial to understand the fundamental mechanisms of material response to intense and fast energy deposition.The research aim of MAMBA is to advance our understanding of material response to irradiation and to apply it to tailor and controlthe properties of materials exposed, purposedly or involuntarily, to intense radiation environments. We have selected five casestudies lying at the frontier of knowledge, and spanning applications in diverse, although connected, fields: space electronics,photovoltaic cells for space applications, radiation-resistant nanostructures for nuclear fusion applications, radiation detectors forclinical studies, proton radiotherapy, and radiolytic hydrogen generation in nuclear decommissioning. These topics will be addressedthrough a combination of experimental and modelling techniques that, to a large degree, are common to these areas. Thiscommonality allows for cross-pollination between themes and for implementing a rich training program that includes Schools,workshops and many PM of secondments.