INFLUENZA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND USE

对于1989-1990年的流感病毒疫苗，B组分被更改 因为东南亚出现了一种新的菌株B/Yamagata/16/88。雪貂 B/Yamagata感染和B/Yamagata疫苗免疫绵羊 出现血凝抑制(HI)抗体反应 与其他乙型流感病毒株发生交叉反应，包括主要 菌株，B/Victoria/2/87。然而，来自健康成年人的数据表明， 广泛反应的HI抗体反应可以预期在较早的时候 乙型流感病毒株。为了确定抗体反应是否 在儿童中也有类似的广泛交叉反应，血清从 接种商用三价流感病毒的高危儿童 疫苗(包括B型流感/Yamagata/16/88)。血清检测结果为 抗-HBs抗体的血凝抑制和中和 B/Yamagata/16/88和B/Victoria/2/87。有两组孩子 已接种疫苗：有流感病毒疫苗接种史和 以前没有接种过流感疫苗的人。后一组 比之前的免疫组(平均年龄20个月)年轻 年龄29个月)。之前接种过疫苗的12名儿童中有7名 先前存在的针对B型流感病毒的抗体。倒数几何平均值 这些儿童的抗体滴度(GMT)从大约8上升到 B/Yamagata为128，B/Victoria为16至128。11个国家中的3个 未接种过疫苗的儿童有可检测到的流感抗体 B病毒。不包括这三个人，之前没有接种过疫苗的儿童患有 B/Yamagata的GMT从&lt；8增加到128，但滴度没有变化 B/维多利亚(格林威治标准时间前后和8小时后)。有一个非常好的关联性 用洗涤剂破坏病毒的HI与中和抗体效价之间的关系。 对于所有的血清，数据表明免疫启动，但不是非启动 儿童在免疫后出现交叉反应抗体反应 一种B型流感病毒。

For the 1989-1990 influenza virus vaccine the B component was changed because a new strain, B/Yamagata/16/88, appeared in Southeast Asia. Ferrets infected with B/Yamagata and sheep immunized with B/Yamagata vaccine developed hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses that were not cross-reactive with other influenza B strains including the predominant strain, B/Victoria/2/87. However, data from healthy adults indicated that a broadly reactive HI antibody response could be expected against earlier influenza B virus strains. In order to determine if the antibody response in children was similarly broadly crossreactive, sera were collected from high-risk children who received the commercial trivalent influenza virus vaccine (which included influenza B/Yamagata/16/88). Sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization for antibodies against B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87. Two groups of children were immunized: those with a history of previous influenza virus vaccination and those with no history of prior vaccination for influenza. The latter group was younger (mean age 20 months) than the previously immunized group (mean age 29 months). Seven of the 12 previously immunized children had preexisting antibody against influenza B viruses. Reciprocal geometric mean antibody titers (GMT) for these children increased from approximately 8 to 128 for B/Yamagata and from 16 to 128 for B/Victoria. Three of the 11 children not previously immunized had detectable antibody against influenza B viruses. Excluding those three, the children not previously immunized had increases in GMT from <8 to 128 for B/Yamagata but no change in titer for B/Victoria (pre and post GMT <8). There was an extremely good correlation between HI with detergent disrupted virus and neutralizing antibody titer. For all sera the data suggest that immunologically primed but not unprimed children develop a cross reactive antibody response after immunization with an influenza B virus.