MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES AND CELLS BY COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS

病毒系统被用来模拟复杂的大分子过程和 正常细胞、感染细胞和转化细胞的组织。使用计算机 研究包含信息的核酸和蛋白质序列 是这些系统运行所必需的。 微小核糖核酸病毒会引起以小儿麻痹症、感冒、肝炎和 口蹄疫。这些病毒的基因和蛋白质序列是 比较研究它们之间的关系以及与其他已知和 假想蛋白质。发现RNA的二级结构发生了变化 与病理和序列差异相关。 研究腺病毒的目的是为了了解病毒的早期事件。 细胞的新陈代谢被病毒功能颠覆的复制， 以及在组装和形态发生过程中发生的晚期事件。早期病毒 蛋白质的存在是从生物化学研究中得知的， 通过将它们的序列与已知的细胞蛋白质进行比较进行分析 功能。 蛋白质和核酸的计算机分析已经发展起来，并 与生物化学、病毒学和 微小核糖核酸病毒、腺病毒、人类基因组序列的电子显微镜观察 免疫缺陷病毒。显示同源性的图形表示，以及 反向互补与数值方法相结合，以帮助 二级结构、剪接、启动子和重组的预测 在核酸分子中。计算机程序在当地开发，并且 Cray XMP、VAX和图形工作站上的其他应用程序 执行序列分析和结构预测。评估的方法 使用蒙特卡罗模拟的预测的意义，进化 比较和生化数据。基因和蛋白质的作用被演绎出来 通过与已知功能和结构的序列数据库进行比较。

Viral systems are used to model the complex macromolecular processes and organization of normal, infected and transformed cells. Computers are used to study the nucleic acid and protein sequences that embody the information necessary for these systems to function. Picornaviruses cause diseases typified by polio, colds, hepatitis, and foot-and-mouth diseases. Gene and protein sequences of these viruses are comparatively studied for relationships among them and to other known and hypothetical proteins. Secondary structures of the RNAs are found to vary in correlation with pathological and sequence differences. Adenoviruses are studied with a goal to understanding early events in virus replication wherein the cell's metabolism is subverted to viral functions, and late events during which assembly and morphogenesis occurs. EarLy viral proteins, whose existence was known from biochemical studies, have been analyzed by comparing their sequences to cellular proteins of known function. Computer analyses of proteins and nucleic acids have been developed and implemented in conjunction with techniques of biochemistry, virology, and electron microscopy on sequences of picornaviruses, adenoviruses, human immunodeficiency viruses. Graphic representations revealing homology, and reverse complementarity are coupled with numerical methods to aid the prediction of secondary structure, splicing, promoters, and recombination in nucleic acid molecules. Computer programs are developed locally and elsewhere for application on Cray XMP, VAX and graphic workstations to perform sequence analysis and structure predictions. Methods to assess the significance of predictions use Monte Carlo simulations, evolutionary comparisons and biochemical data. Roles for genes and proteins are deduced by comparison with databases of sequences of known function and structure.