MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES AND CELLS BY COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS

病毒系统被用来模拟复杂的大分子 正常、感染和转化的过程和组织 细胞。计算机被用来研究核酸和蛋白质 包含这些系统所需信息的序列 才能发挥作用。 小核糖核酸病毒引起的疾病以小儿麻痹症、感冒、肝炎、 和口蹄疫。它们的基因和蛋白质序列 比较研究了病毒与病毒之间的关系 到其他已知的和假想的蛋白质。的二级结构 研究发现，RNAs与病理和病理的相关性不同。 序列差异。 研究腺病毒的目的是为了了解早期事件 在病毒复制中，细胞的新陈代谢被颠覆到 病毒功能，以及在此期间组装和 形态发生。早期病毒蛋白，它的存在是 从生化研究中得知，已经通过比较分析了 它们的序列与已知功能的细胞蛋白质有关联。 蛋白质和核酸的计算机分析已经发展起来 并与生物化学技术结合起来实施， 病毒学和微小核糖核酸病毒序列的电子显微镜， 腺病毒，人类免疫缺陷病毒。图解 揭示同源性和逆互补性的表示是 结合数值方法辅助次生地震预报 核酸的结构、剪接、启动子和重组 分子。计算机程序是在本地和其他地方开发的 适用于在Cray XMP、VAX和图形工作站上运行 执行序列分析和结构预测。方法，以 使用蒙特卡罗模拟评估预测的重要性， 进化比较和生化数据。基因和基因的作用 蛋白质是通过与数据库中的 已知的功能和结构。

Viral systems are used to model the complex macromolecular processes and organization of normal, infected and transformed cells. Computers are used to study the nucleic acid and protein sequences that embody the information necessary for these systems to function. Picornaviruses cause diseases typified by polio, colds, hepatitis, and foot-and-mouth diseases. Gene and protein sequences of these viruses are comparatively studied for relationships among them and to other known and hypothetical proteins. Secondary structures of the RNAs are found to vary in correlation with pathological and sequence differences. Adenoviruses are studied with a goal to understanding early events in virus replication wherein the cell's metabolism is subverted to viral functions, and late events during which assembly and morphogenesis occurs. Early viral proteins, whose existence was known from biochemical studies, have been analyzed by comparing their sequences to cellular proteins of known function. Computer analyses of proteins and nucleic acids have been developed and implemented in conjunction with techniques of biochemistry, virology, and electron microscopy on sequences of picornaviruses, adenoviruses, human immunodeficiency viruses. Graphic representations revealing homology, and reverse complementarily are coupled with numerical methods to aid the prediction of secondary structure, splicing, promoters, and recombination in nucleic acid molecules. Computer programs are developed locally and elsewhere for application on Cray XMP, VAX and graphic workstations to perform sequence analysis and structure predictions. Methods to assess the significance of predictions use Monte Carlo simulations, evolutionary comparisons and biochemical data. Roles for genes and proteins are deduced by comparison with databases of sequences of known function and structure.