Recognising Diversity? Equalities in Principle and Practice

近年来，跨性别已经成为英国社会和文化兴趣日益增长的主题。最近，《性别承认法》（GRA，2004年）带来的立法变化尤其明显地表明了联合王国对变性人态度的转变。GRA标志着对变性人态度的重大转变;通过使性别多样化的人能够将其出生证明更改为获得的性别并结婚，代表了对性别转变的民事承认。文化和立法方面的发展表明，性别多样性在当代社会中越来越引人注目。此外，这些发展反映了围绕身份的概念化和实践的更广泛的社会变化。该项目将建立在PI先前的ESRC研究基础上，该研究是唯一一项关于GRA影响的研究。ESRC后续资金将使这项研究得以发展，并在法律，政策和性别多样化人群护理方面即将发生重大社会，医疗和法律的变化时最大限度地发挥其影响。首先，世界卫生组织（WHO）建议诊断指南远离“性别焦虑”的概念，这是精神卫生专业人员在为性别多样化的人提供护理时所依据的标准。此外，“性别焦虑症”是联合王国性别承认小组成员在考虑根据《性别歧视条例》申请性别承认证书时的一项核心标准;要获得《性别歧视条例》，需要诊断出“性别焦虑症”。因此，世卫组织的建议将对联合王国的法律产生影响，需要修订法律的和政策。这直接映射到PI先前研究的政策建议，根据研究结果，建议从医疗专业人员用于“诊断”变性的诊断和统计手册（DSM）中删除“性别焦虑”。PI的研究提出的政策建议还建议简化申请程序，减少医疗当局对性别承认的法律的程序的参与。世卫组织的建议也与这些问题有关。其次，GRA因缺乏对非性别人士的认可以及已婚申请人必须离婚才能成功获得GRC的条款而受到批评。同样，公共政策研究所的研究结果强调这些因素是值得严重关注的因素，公共政策研究所制定了政策建议，目的是在这些领域提供更高水平的公民平等。联合政府将对《性别平等法》进行审查，以便对其进行修订，因此，作为联合政府“施政方案”的一部分，《变性人平等政府行动计划》目前正在与政府平等办公室进行磋商。通过广泛的计划活动方案（见目标和支持案例），后续供资将为PI先前研究的政策建议提供一个独特的机会，以纳入这一磋商进程，并对重新起草GRA制定的指导方针产生影响。该项目还将有助于公众教育。除了以这种方式大力发展PI的研究外，计划的活动和传播实践（见支持案例和影响途径）有助于最大限度地扩大对短期，中期和长期层面的影响;导致利益相关者，政策，学术和实践者领域的相当大的整体影响和知识交流。总的来说，该项目将使PI以前的研究能够在学术界，政策制定者，从业者，非政府组织，社区，志愿者和运动组织的动态范围网络中实现最大影响。此外，它将使这些团体能够建立联系，并建立未来的工作联盟

In recent years transgender has emerged as a subject of increasing social and cultural interest in the UK. Shifting attitudes towards transgender people in the UK are especially evident through recent legislative changes brought by the Gender Recognition Act (GRA, 2004). The GRA marks a key shift in attitudes towards transgender people; representing the civil recognition of gender transition through enabling gender diverse people to change their birth certificates to their acquired gender and to marry. Cultural and legislative developments suggest that gender diversity is acquiring visibility in contemporary society. Moreover, these developments reflect broader social changes around the conceptualisation and the practices of identity. This project will build on the previous ESRC research of the PI, which represents the only study on the impact of the GRA. ESRC Follow on Funding will enable this research to be developed, and its impacts maximised at a time of imminent and significant social, medical and legal change regarding law, policy and the care of gender diverse people. First, key changes are underway following recommendations by the World Health Organisation (WHO) that diagnostic guidelines move away from the concept of 'gender dysphoria'; the criterion on which mental health professionals draw in developing care provision for gender diverse people. Moreover, 'gender dysphoria' is a central criterion for members of the UK Gender Recognition Panel in considering applications for a Gender Recognition Certificate under the GRC; to be awarded a GRC, a diagnosis of 'gender dysphoria' is needed. Recommendations from WHO will thus impact on UK law, and legal and policy revisions will be required. This maps directly on to the policy recommendations of the PI's previous research, which, as developed from the research findings, recommends the removal of 'gender dysphoria' from the Diagnostic and Statistical Handbook (DSM) used by medical professionals to 'diagnose' transsexualism. The policy recommendations from the PI's research also recommend a simpler application process and less involvement of medical authorities in the legal process of gender recognition. The WHO recommendations are link also to these issues. Second, the GRA has come under criticism for its lack of recognition for non-gendered people and for the clause that married applicants have to divorce to successfully gain a GRC. Again, the findings of the PI's research highlighted these factors as ones of significant concern and the PI developed policy recommendations with the aim of providing greater levels of citizenship equality in these areas. The Coalition Government is due to review the GRA with view to amending it. Consequently, as part of the Coalition's 'Programme for Government' the Government Action Plan on Transgender Equality is currently in consultation processes with the Government Equalities Office. Through the wide-ranging planned programme of activities (see Objectives and Case for Support), Follow on Funding would provide a unique opportunity for the policy recommendations of the PI's previous research to feed into this consultation process, and to impact on guidelines developed for the redrafting of the GRA. The project would also contribute to public education. In addition to significantly developing the PI's research in this way, the planned activities and dissemination practices (see Case for Support and Pathways to Impact) serve to maximise impacts on immediate, medium and long term levels; leading to considerable overall impacts and knowledge exchange across stakeholder, policy, academic and practitioner fields. Overall, the project will enable the development of the PI's previous research to achieve maximum impact across a dynamic range network of academic, policy maker, practitioner, NGO, community, voluntary and campaigning organisations. In addition, it will enable these groups to forge links and create future working alliances