IMMUNOGLOBULIN STRUCTURE & DIVERSITY--CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL MEMBRANE PROTEINS

1)在过去的几年里，一些淋巴因子 描述了哪些在增长和/或 B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞的分化。从这里开始的研究 实验室在其上清液中发现一种活性 早期浆细胞瘤所需的巨噬细胞系 用于体外生长和生存能力。作为我们目前利益的一部分 在控制细胞生长方面，正在做出重大努力 确定该因子的特征并确定其在体内的作用。 最终，我们计划将这些研究扩展到受体，以 这一因素，以评估这一潜在的生物学作用 正常细胞生长和/或可能的因子-受体系统 浆细胞瘤发育。2)在以下领域的第二个主要利益 增长和差异化旨在尝试 分离和鉴定基因(及其蛋白产物) 参与淋巴细胞的本体论分化。至 处理这个问题，我们已经制定了新的或选定的 现有的可被诱导分化的细胞系。这个 这些实验的策略是制备消减的cdna 文库使用亲本系和分化的衍生品。 然后将分析产生的克隆，并确定最终目标 将分离的基因重新导入亲本类型的 尝试在不存在的情况下复制分化的表型 诱导剂。3)基因突变过程 进化的范围可以是相对简单的，例如点 突变，到更复杂的，比如重组， 基因转换、扩张和收缩。最具进步性 在高等生物体中的研究涉及到类似的比较 来自两个或更多物种的蛋白质或基因序列 通常在进化时间上相距甚远。我们有 试图评估这类过程在更动态的 通过检查不同野鼠之间的基因结构来研究背景 物种。因此，我们已经启动了实验，以检查 单拷贝基因、少基因家族和多基因家族 在我们的野鼠群体中代表着进化的 这一物种的光谱。

1) In the last several years a number of lymphokines have been described which play important roles in growth and/or differentiation of B- and T-lymphocytes. Studies from this laboratory have identified an activity in supernatants from macrophage cell lines which is required by early plasmacytomas for growth and viability in vitro. As part of our current interest in control of cell growth, a major effort is being made to characterize this factor and determine its role in vivo. Ultimately, we plan to extend these studies to the receptor for this factor in order to assess the potential biological role of this factor-receptor system in normal cell growth and/or possibly plasmacytomagenesis. 2) A second major interest in the area of growth and differentiation is directed toward an attempt to isolate and characterize genes (and their protein products) involved in ontological differentiation of lymphoid cells. To approach this question, we have developed new or selected existing cell lines which can be induced to differentiate. The strategy of these experiments is to prepare subtractive cDNA libraries using the parental line and the differentiated derivatives. The resulting clones will then be analyzed with the eventual aim of transfecting isolated genes back into the parental cell type of attempt to reproduce the differentiated phenotype in the absence of inducing agent. 3) Mutational processes operating during gene evolution may range from relatively simple, such as point mutation, to considerably more complex, such as recombination, gene conversion, expansion and contraction. Most evolutionary studies in higher organisms have involved comparisons of similar protein or gene sequences from two or more species which are generally widely separated in evolutionary time. We have attempted to assess the role of such processes in a more dynamic context by examining gene structures among different wild mice species. We have therefore initiated experiments to examine single copy genes, pauci-gene families and multi-gene families among our wild mice colony representing the evolutionary spectrum of this species.