Exploring Everyday Practice and Resistance in Immigration Detention

拘留是一个紧迫的经验性、概念性和政治性问题。被拘留的人口、拘留设施和行业在全球范围内都有所扩大。我们认为，拘留做法的发展没有得到应有的学术关注，多学科方法可以揭示扩大拘留所引起的一些最突出的问题。这些问题包括仍然知之甚少的拘留的日常经验、拘留与边界之间的复杂关系、拘留与主流监禁之间的物质和政策流动、抵制拘留的方式、研究拘留的伦理/方法挑战，以及“支持”被拘留者的意义和方法。贯穿这些问题的是一套相互矛盾的逻辑，例如为了确保排斥而遏制移民、为了确保领土安全而在域外拘留移民、为了加快遣返而无限期地长期拘留移民，以及以自愿和合作的语言掩盖拘留和驱逐。这一系列研讨会的第一个原则是，对拘留实践采取学术和非学术相结合的多学科方法，将使我们能够揭示当代拘留实践中这些众多而强大的矛盾。近年来，英国自己的拘留制度经历了一系列变化，包括许多移民被拘留者的快速通道(导致法律程序缩短)，拘留设施的私有化(这对向被拘留者提供的全面护理有影响，见Flynn和Cannon，2009)，以及扩大拘留庄园，尽管是通过建造英国政府不承认的私人经营的、安全的移民设施。尽管如此，英国拘留的一些特征仍然对变化保持着显著的适应能力，包括尽管绝大多数欧洲国家实施了时间限制，但继续使用无限期拘留(拘留行动，2010；Schinkel，2009)，禁止在拘留期间从事有偿工作，以及拘留儿童(Crawley，2011；Bid，2011)。英国也是在旅途中拦截和拘留潜在移民的最活跃的国家之一(蒙茨，2010)。通过将一系列知名学者、职业早期学者、研究生、从业者、艺术家、活动家、寻求庇护者和前被拘留者聚集在一起，这一系列研讨会将调查英国拘留经验如何反映和再现现代全球拘留实践中固有的矛盾逻辑。通过为期一天的五次讲习班活动，该系列研讨会将跨越犯罪学、地理学、政治学和社会学的学术学科，以审查拘留现象，因为它涉及到支助被拘留者、监狱学和监狱、拘留的日常经历以及拘留做法的政治和抵制。将在伦敦、约克、伯明翰、牛津和兰开斯特举办的这些研讨会的其他主题包括拘留研究产生的伦理/方法挑战，以及贯穿该领域整个工作的紧张关系，既有彻底抵制拘留做法，也有基于代表移民被拘留者与国家合作的改革派方法(Gill，2010)。

Detention is a pressing empirical, conceptual, and political issue. Detained populations, detention facilities, and industries have expanded globally. We argue that developments in detention practices have not been given the academic attention they deserve and that a multi-disciplinary approach can shed light on some of the most salient issues that detention expansion raises. These include the everyday experience of detention which is still only poorly understood, the complex relationship between detention and borders, the flows of material and policies between detention and mainstream incarceration, the ways in which detention might be resisted, the ethical/methodological challenges of studying detention, and the meaning and methods of 'supporting' detainees. Operating through these issues are contradictory sets of logics such as the containment of immigrants in order to secure their exclusion, the extra-territorial detention of immigrants in order to secure territory, the indefinite and lengthy detention of immigrants in order to expedite their removal, and the shrouding of detention and removal in a language of voluntarism and co-operation. The first principle of this seminar series is that a multi-disciplinary approach to detention practices that combines both academics and non-academics will allow us to unpack these numerous and powerful contradictions in contemporary detention practice. The UK has experienced a range of changes to its own detention regime in recent years, including the fast-tracking of many immigration detainees (resulting in a pared down legal process), the privatisation of detention facilities (which has implications for the comprehensiveness of care offered to detainees, see Flynn and Cannon, 2009), and the expansion of the detention estate, albeit through the construction of privately run, secure facilities for immigrants that the British government does not recognise as detention. This said, a number of features of detention in the UK have also remained remarkably resilient to change, including the continued use of indefinite detention despite the overwhelming majority of European countries implementing a time limit (Detention Action, 2010; Schinkel 2009), the prohibition on paid work whilst in detention and the detention of children (Crawley, 2011; BID, 2011). The UK is also among the most active countries in terms of interdiction and detention of would-be immigrants during their journeys (Mountz, 2010).By bringing together a range of established academics, early-career academics, postgraduates, practitioners, artists, activists, asylum seekers and former detainees this seminar series will investigate the ways in which the UK experience of detention reflects and re-produces the contradictory logics inherent in modern global detention practices. Through five one-day workshop events the seminar series will span the academic disciplines of criminology, geography, politics and sociology in order to examine the phenomenon of detention as it relates to supporting detainees, penology and prisons, everyday experiences of detention and the politics of, and resistance to, detention practices. Additional themes that will overlay these various workshops, to be held in London, York, Birmingham, Oxford and Lancaster include the ethical/methodological challenges that the study of detention produces and the tension, running throughout work in this area, between outright resistance to detention practices or a reformist approach based on working with the state on behalf of immigration detainees (Gill, 2010).