CENTRAL CONTROL OF SPEECH AND VOICE PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION

去年我们开始关注在经颅磁刺激过程中 使用cadwell皮质线圈，许多反应可能是由于并发 周围神经的刺激与早期同侧反应， 由于刺激同侧喉返神经， 由于刺激包含在上级中的传入神经引起的R1反应 喉神经 周围神经磁刺激研究 相同的线圈表明，类似的反应， 刺激可以解释为周围神经刺激的 喉神经 通过转换成更小的线圈，8字形线圈， 我们能够证明大脑皮层的反应 而不会刺激周围神经 事实上，这个小线圈 即使在颈部刺激也不能引起神经反应 也许是因为磁场没有穿透到足够深的地方， 颈部组织 研究表明，不同的线圈应 用于皮质和外周神经研究，评估神经功能时， 喉的控制。 旨在检查正常志愿者大脑激活模式的研究 在使用正电子发射断层扫描的言语和声音活动中， 被启动。 我们的目标是确定不同的 在正常人中，语言和声音任务在左半球占主导地位。 扬声器. H2150技术被用于估计 非常短的时间，大约40秒。 八个很短 研究是在一个会议与一个主题，比较 跨任务的激活模式。 正常对照脑激活 在不同的语音和声音任务中比较模式， 口吃者的大脑激活模式在流利和 不流利的语言

Last year we became concerned that during transcranial magnetic stimulation with the cadwell cortical coil, many responses could be due to concurrent stimulation of the periperal nerves with early ipsilateral responses being due to stimulation of the ipsilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve and later R1 responses due to stimulation of afferents contained in the superior laryngeal nerve. A peripheral nerve magnetic stimulation study with the same coil demonstrated that similar responses to those seen during cortical stimulation could be explained by peripheral nerve stimulation of the laryngeal nerves. by converting to a smaller coil, the figure eight coil, we were able to demonstrate that cortical responses could be elicited without stimulating the peripheral nerves. In fact, this smaller coil was not capable of eliciting nerve responses even when stimulating at the neck perhaps because the magnetic field does not penetrate deep enough into the neck tissues. Studies have demonstrated that different coils should be used for cortical and peripheral nerve studies when assessing the neural control of the larynx. Studies aimed at examining brain activation patterns in normal volunteers during speech and voice activities using Positron Emission Tomography have been initiated. Our aim is to determine the degree to which different speech and voice tasks are dominant in the left hemisphere in normal speakers. The H2150 technique is being used to estimate blood flow over very brief periods of time, approximately 40 seconds. Eight very short studies are being conducted in one session with a subject, comparing activation patterns across tasks. Normal controls brain activation patterns are being compared across different speech and voice tasks, and stutterers brain activation patterns are being compared during fluent and non-fluent speech.