DEVELOPMENT OF AMINE NEURONS AND THEIR TARGETS

这一建议侧重于两个主要主题：第一，个体发生-- 有序感官和高阶统合区域，以及 确定了5-羟色胺能神经元及其靶点。在龙虾的大脑中， 这些主题是密切相关的：已识别的5-羟色胺能神经元 早期支配嗅觉和整合神经纤维区 胚胎发生。因此，这一系统提供了一个研究 整合的大脑区域的发育组装，也可以 研究5-羟色胺能对小鼠生长和成熟的可能影响 那些区域。拟议的实验建立在丰富的基础上 关于嗅觉、激素作用和神经肌肉的机制的知识 生理学。 在两种脊椎动物上都发现了数量相对较少的氨基能神经元。 和无脊椎动物的神经系统，有深远的投射，而且经常 不要形成常规的突触接触。胺类神经元也被认为 在塑造生长中的神经元和调节方面发挥发育作用 他们的连接模式。因为胺能神经元参与了 各种重要的行为过程和临床障碍，如 睡眠、昼夜节律性和精神疾病，理解 发展胺类神经元及其靶点至关重要。 利用组织学、超微结构、免疫细胞化学、 药理学和电生理学方法，我们建议：(I) 描述龙虾大脑的发育，特别是 注意嗅觉和副脑叶。这些地区是 5-羟色胺免疫反应在胚胎发育的早期，在它们的 已经建立了结构性组织。(Ii)决定何时及 在发育中的大脑中发现了其他的递质化合物； (3)分析大鼠脑内5-羟色胺能神经元的发育。 支配嗅叶和副脑叶的大脑和(IV)测试 5-羟色胺是否影响这些区域的形态发生。因为 在嗅觉和副脑叶之间有许多相似之处 甲壳类和脊椎动物大脑中类似的加工区，以及 因为胺存在于所有的门中，这些研究将提供知识。 可能与发育相关的基本机制 高等生物体中的过程也是如此。

This proposal focuses on two primary themes: the ontogenesis of first- order sensory and higher-order integrative areas, and the development of identified serotonergic neurons and their targets. In the lobster brain, these topics are intimately related: identified serotonergic neurons innervate olfactory and integrative neuropil regions early in embryogenesis. This system therefore provides an opportunity to study the developmental assembly of integrative brain regions, and also to investigate the possible serotonergic influence on growth and maturation of those areas. The proposed experiments build on a rich foundation of knowledge about mechanisms of olfaction, hormonal action, and neuromuscular physiology. Aminergic neurons are found in relatively small numbers on both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems, have far-reaching projections, and often do not form conventional synaptic contacts. Amine neurons also are thought to have a developmental role in shaping growing neurons and regulating their patterns of connectivity. Because aminergic neurons are involved in a variety of important behavioral processes and clinical disorders, such as sleep, circadian rhythmicity, and mental illness, an understanding of the development of amine neurons and their targets is of critical importance. Using a combination of histological, ultrastructural, immunocytochemical, pharmacological and electrophysiological methods, we propose to (I) characterize the development of the lobster brain, with particular attention to the olfactory and accessory lobes. These regions are serotonin immunoreactive very early in embryogenesis, before their structural organization has been established. (II) determine when and where other transmitter compounds are found in the brain developmentally; (III) analyze the development of the giant serotonergic neurons in the brain that innervate the olfactory and accessory lobes and (IV) test whether serotonin influences the morphogenesis of these regions. Because there are many parallels between the olfactory and accessory lobes of Crustacea and comparable processing areas in the vertebrate brain, and because amines are found in all phyla, these studies will provide knowledge of basic mechanisms that are likely to be relevant to developmental processes in higher organisms as well.