PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SPEECH DISORDERS

肉毒杆菌毒素注射治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床研究 到目前为止，口腔下颌骨肌张力障碍患者已有18例。量化 对5例患者进行了语音计时影响的分析。 音节、多音节词和句子的七秒重复 已经完工了。完成每个令牌的发声持续时间为 从声学示波图测量，发现在 患者的治疗前与正常对照组比较。成对的 对比治疗前和治疗后的措施 注射肉毒毒素后WORD和WEB的显著下降 句子的持续时间表明音节间的停顿随着 治疗的同时语音清晰度的计时不是。 目前正在对选定的一些患者进行吞钡研究。 口腔下颌骨肌张力障碍患者注射前后的测定 是否可以根据以下因素预测吞咽副作用的类型 最初的病人特征。 提高流利程度的条件(DAF、合唱、白色)的效果 噪声)对语音过程中的发音中断进行了检查 扬声器。没有发现无法解释的重大变化 通过语速的变化。 今年启动了三项关于口吃的新研究。我们正在指挥 肉毒杆菌毒素对肌肉影响的双盲交叉研究 激活异常。我们还比较了喉咙的作用 口吃者的肌肉注射和嘴唇或下巴注射。双百叶窗 氯丙咪嗪与地米帕明的交叉对照研究 口吃是与儿童精神病学合作进行的 布兰奇，尼姆。

Studies of the effects of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of oromandibular dystonia have included 18 patients thus far. Quantitative analyses of the effects on speech timing have been completed in 5 patients. Seven second repetitions of syllables, polysyllabic words, and sentences were completed. The durations of voicing for completion of each token were measured from acoustic oscillograms and found to be increased in the patients' pretreatment in comparison with the normal controls. Paired comparisons between pre- and post-treatment measures demonstrated significant decreases following botulinum toxin injection in word and sentence durations suggesting that intersyllabic pauses were decreased with treatment while speech articulation timing was not. Barium swallow studies are being conducted on a selected number of oromandibular dystonia patients before and after injection to determine whether the types of swallowing side effects can be predicted based on initial patient characteristics. The effects of fluency enhancing conditions (DAF, choral reading, white noise) on voicing interruptions during speech was examined in normal speakers. No significant changes were found that could not be accounted for by changes in speech rate. Three new studies in stuttering were initiated this year. We are conducting double blind cross-over studies of the effects of botulinum toxin on muscle activation abnormalities. Also we are comparing the effects of laryngeal muscle injections with lip or jaw injections in stutterers. A double blind cross-over study comparing the effects of chlomipramine and desmipramine on stuttering is being conducted in collaboration with the Child Psychiatry Branch, NIMH.